{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:14:31Z","timestamp":1788412471514,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study described clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU), and costs among Medicare beneficiaries with or without obesity and stratified by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using Medicare FFS claims (Jan 2016\u2013Dec 2022), beneficiaries were indexed after 12\u2009months of continuous enrollment and followed until death, disenrollment, or study end (\u2265\u200912\u2009months continuous enrollment post\u2010index required for HCRU and cost analyses). Outcomes were compared between beneficiaries with obesity (class \u2265\u20091: diagnosis\/BMI \u2265\u200930; class \u2265\u20093: severe\/morbid obesity\/BMI \u2265\u200940) versus without obesity, and stratified by CVD risk (established, at\u2010risk and low\u2010risk). Time\u2010to\u2010event outcomes were assessed using Cox models, and HCRU and costs using generalised linear models and two\u2010part models, all adjusted for baseline covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 21\u2009306\u2009251 beneficiaries were included in the study. Hazard ratios for clinical outcomes were higher among those with obesity versus without obesity, particularly for heart failure\u2010associated hospitalisation (class \u2265\u20091: 1.92; class \u2265\u20093: 3.40), type 2 diabetes (class \u2265\u20091: 1.65; class \u2265\u20093: 2.20) and MACE\u20105 (class \u2265\u20091: 1.44; class \u2265\u20093: 2.27). Total costs (per\u2010patient per\u2010month $; cost ratio) were higher among those with obesity class \u2265\u20091 ($4113 vs. $2876; 1.43), and obesity class \u2265\u20093 ($5319 vs. $2929; 1.82), driven by high outpatient and inpatient utilisation. Results were consistent across CVD risk stratifications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the higher risk of negative clinical outcomes and costs associated with obesity among US Medicare beneficiaries. Further research is warranted to improve treatment and prevention of obesity to mitigate risks and costs for this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:10:00Z","timestamp":1784646600000},"page":"9155-9165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and Economic Burden of Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Among Medicare Fee\u2010For\u2010Service Beneficiaries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jiayin","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genesis Research Group  Hoboken USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tigermed\u2010BDM Inc.  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