{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:10:58Z","timestamp":1791317458428,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether autoimmune hypothyroidism (AH) or celiac disease (CD) influences diabetes progression among individuals who tested positive on a pooled screening assay for glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and insulinoma\u2010associated protein 2 autoantibodies (GADA\/IA\u20102A).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study used data from Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel (2010\u20132024), and included 363 GADA\/IA\u20102A\u2010positive individuals without diabetes. In a 316\u2010patient subcohort, individual GADA autoreactivity was assessed. The primary outcome was incident clinical diabetes. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes associated with AH, CD, and asthma (comparator), modelled as time\u2010dependent covariates, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status and baseline fasting plasma glucose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over a median 5.8\u2010year follow\u2010up, 75 individuals (20.7%) developed clinical diabetes. Progression occurred in 35.8% of dysglyceamic versus 9.9% of normoglycemic individuals (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The prevalence of AH or CD was higher among progressors (21.3% vs. 10.4%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 2.55 (1.40\u20134.64) for the composite of AH or CD, 2.85 (1.00\u20138.15) for AH, and 2.41 (1.21\u20134.81) for CD. The HR for the composite association was 3.08 (1.36\u20133.96) in individuals aged &lt;\u200918\u2009years and 2.10 (0.86\u20135.12) in adults (p for interaction\u2009=\u20090.56). In a secondary analysis of the subcohort with individual GADA assessment (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009316), further adjustment for GADA status attenuated the composite HR to 1.97 (1.06\u20133.65).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concurrent AH or CD is associated with accelerated diabetes progression in autoantibody\u2010positive individuals. Although this partly reflects a shared polyautoimmune predisposition, both conditions may serve as accessible markers for risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:55:15Z","timestamp":1782784515000},"page":"8452-8459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Autoimmune Hypothyroidism and Celiac Disease on Progression to Diabetes in Individuals Positive for\n                    <scp>GAD65<\/scp>\n                    or\n                    <scp>IA<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 Autoantibodies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1206-1516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afif","family":"Nakhleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maccabi Healthcare Services  Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar\u2010Ilan University  Safed Israel"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Rambam Health Care Campus  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil","family":"Beeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maccabi Healthcare Services  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Sudri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth &amp; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shay","family":"Rotkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory Maccabi Healthcare Services  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naim","family":"Shehadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maccabi Healthcare Services  Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar\u2010Ilan University  Safed 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