{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:38:49Z","timestamp":1792471129987,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013528","name":"Diabetes Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OG\u20103\u201022\u20105623\u2010JL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OG\u20103\u201022\u20105623\u2010JL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013528","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 12\u2010week remotely\u2010delivered exercise snacks (ES) intervention in adults with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Insufficiently active adults with type 2 diabetes (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200969; 46 females; mean age\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD: 58\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u2009years) were randomised to an ES or mobility\/stretching comparator group (CON), which involved 4\u2009\u00d7\u20091\u2010min bouts of either vigorous or low intensity exercise, respectively, on \u2265\u20095\u2009days\/week. The primary outcome was feasibility based on adherence. Secondary outcomes included exercise enjoyment (1\u20137 scale), rating of perceived exertion (RPE; 0\u201310 scale), heart rate (HR), haemoglobin A\n 1c<\/jats:sub>\n (HbA\n 1c<\/jats:sub>\n ), blood biomarkers of cardiometabolic health, 30\u2010s sit\u2010to\u2010stand capacity, grip strength, estimated maximal oxygen uptake, and anthropometrics.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Weekly adherence (estimated marginal mean [95% confidence interval]: 18 bouts [16\u201321] for both groups;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.99) and total enjoyment (ES: 4.5 [4.1\u20134.8] vs. CON: 4.3 [4.0\u20134.7];\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.64) were high and not different between groups. Despite higher RPE (5.7 [5.4\u20136.1]) and peak HR (73 [70\u201377] % of age\u2010predicted HR maximum) in ES versus CON (2.0 [1.7\u20132.4] and 61 [58\u201364] % of age\u2010predicted HR maximum, respectively) (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), there were no between\u2010group differences in the change in any secondary outcome (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05) except for greater sit\u2010to\u2010stand capacity in ES after training (between\u2010group effect estimate [95% confidence interval]: 1.9 repetitions [0.3\u20133.4];\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.02).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Exercise snacks were feasible to perform in the real world and improved sit\u2010to\u2010stand capacity to a greater extent than CON in adults living with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n \n Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06407245\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T06:14:09Z","timestamp":1785046449000},"page":"9294-9303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exercise Snacks Are Feasible to Perform in the Real World and Improve Physical Capacity for Adults Living With Non\u2010Insulin Treated Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9899-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona J.","family":"Babir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7594-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Marcotte\u2010Ch\u00e9nard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Exercise Sciences The University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Kelowna British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary School of Health University of Quebec in Outaouais Gatineau Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0508-0786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roderick E.","family":"Sandilands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Exercise Sciences The University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Kelowna British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3240-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaja","family":"Falkenhain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Mulkewich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7145-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hashim","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Exercise Sciences The University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Kelowna British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Southern Medical Program University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus Kelowna British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7756-3199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth F.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Exercise Sciences The University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Kelowna British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas L.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4367-557X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4936-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Public Health The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6556-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C.","family":"Riddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health Science York University Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2360-0952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary E.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Exercise Sciences The University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Kelowna British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5287-0014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin J.","family":"Gibala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9796-2008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Exercise Sciences The University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Kelowna British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Southern Medical Program University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus Kelowna British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2022.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05166-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2024.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-025-00829-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.13495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2023-0128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03207-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2020-0391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1717-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Get Active Questionnaire","author":"Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"645","article-title":"The Diagnosis of Ischaemic Heart Pain and Intermittent Claudication in Field Surveys","volume":"27","author":"Rose G. A.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1937156X.1997.11949414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Y's Way to Physical Fitness","author":"Golding L. A.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription","author":"Heyward V.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/00124278-200102000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"S138","article-title":"Preliminary Validation of a Single\u2010Item Measure of Exercise Enjoyment: The Exercise Enjoyment Scale","volume":"31","author":"Stanley D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2010.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04110-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2018-0675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2023-0593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01938-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1999.10608028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-021-00608-1"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.71052","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dom.71052","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.71052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:51:23Z","timestamp":1792468283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.71052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.71052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.71052","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}