{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:38:58Z","timestamp":1792471138673,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Achieving glucose targets without hypoglycaemia is the treatment goal in type 1 diabetes. Structured education, intensified insulin injection regimens, continuous glucose monitoring, automated insulin delivery, and ongoing support from a multidisciplinary team all support people with type 1 diabetes to achieve this goal. Despite these advances, significant barriers to achieving optimal management remain. Continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion has comparable or better glucose outcomes to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and may reduce the frequency of hypoglycaemia, including severe episodes. Intraperitoneal insulin may be considered as a treatment modality for children and adults with type 1 diabetes using optimised intensive insulin therapy for whom subcutaneous insulin has failed due to lipoatrophy, \u2010dystrophy or \u2010hypertrophy, local allergy, subcutaneous insulin resistance or co\u2010existing skin conditions. Failure of subcutaneous insulin may result in recurrent or unexplained severe hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia. Intraperitoneal insulin may also be considered as a treatment modality for people with type 1 diabetes with severe needle\u2010phobia, and for those being considered for islet cell or pancreatic transplantation, or where transplantation is not available. This paper summarises current intraperitoneal insulin delivery technology, its potential risks and benefits, and an expert position statement. It is intended for use by diabetes specialist healthcare professionals, and as a reference for other healthcare professionals, commissioners, payors, people with diabetes, their carers, and advocates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:10:00Z","timestamp":1783653000000},"page":"8801-8811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Continuous Intraperitoneal Insulin Infusion for People With Type 1 Diabetes: A Literature Review and International Position Statement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3525-3633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick","family":"Oliver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Gehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetology and Metabolism  Bad Heilbrunn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8055-944X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayhan","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Stanford University  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center Isala  Zwolle the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3407-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Renard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montpellier University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM University of Montpellier  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.2.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3842"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25\u20102345"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23\u20101765"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-1474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00284-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050797"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680900300110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi19-0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"E750","article-title":"Splanchnic and Systemic Absorption of Intraperitoneal Insulin Using a New Double\u2010Tracer Method","volume":"266","author":"Radziuk J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.39.11.1361"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.77.3.738"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(07)70045-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"CHMP \u201cAnnex I Summary of Product Characteristics\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(79)90064-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)89516-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.9.6.575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001929"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Continuous Intraperitoneal Insulin Infusion Partly Restores the Glucagon Response to Hypoglycaemia in Type 1 Diabetic Patients","volume":"26","author":"Oskarsson P. 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