{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:39:01Z","timestamp":1792471141640,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005744","name":"Lastentautien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treating young children with Type 1 diabetes (CwT1D) is challenging due to their very small need for insulin. We investigated the safety of diluted insulin (U10) in the AID system and how its use affected glycaemic outcomes compared to standard insulin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients aged 0\u20134\u2009years who initiated treatment with diluted insulin in an AID system during the years 2020\u20132025 were identified from the diabetes registry (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919). They had a maximum daily insulin dose of \u2264\u20096\u2009units. An age and gender\u2010matched control group (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200927) using standard insulin (U100) in an AID system was determined. Longitudinal CGM outcomes were analysed within the treatment group from the start of diluted insulin and between groups from diagnosis over 12\u2009months to assess time\u2010by\u2010treatment effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After 3\u2009months of diluted insulin use, TBR &lt;\u20093.9 and TBR &lt;\u20093.0 decreased significantly (from 4.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1% to 2.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008; from 1.2%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8% to 0.4%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01, respectively) and remained low through 12\u2009months. Compared with controls, children using diluted insulin had lower TBR &lt;\u20093.9\u2009mmol\/L at later follow\u2010up visits. In the HbA1c\u2010adjusted mixed\u2010effects model, the between\u2010group difference in change from 3\u2009months was \u22121.85 percentage points at 9\u2009months (95% CI: \u22123.26 to \u22120.44,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010) and \u22121.52 percentage points at 12\u2009months (95% CI: \u22122.92 to \u22120.13,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032). No significant between\u2010group changes in other CGM measures over time were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of diluted insulin in young CwT1D, who require low insulin doses and use an automated insulin delivery system, reduces time below range with no evidence of increased hyperglycaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T03:10:21Z","timestamp":1783998621000},"page":"8966-8973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Diluted Insulin (U10) Versus Standard (U100) Insulin in Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: Reducing Time Below Range in Young Children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6269-5964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Falk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Uusimaa Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Aaltio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Uusimaa Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2836-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mari\u2010Anne","family":"Pulkkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Uusimaa Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tero","family":"Varimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Uusimaa Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8081-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna\u2010Kaisa","family":"Tuomaala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Uusimaa 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