{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T04:41:19Z","timestamp":1792384879842,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001729","name":"Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMP22\u20100014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMP22\u20100014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overweight and obesity are major public health challenges and well\u2010established risk factors for cardiovascular disease, cancer and premature mortality. We estimated the economic burden of overweight and obesity in Sweden in 2023 and projected the future economic burden in 2040 under alternative scenarios of increasing prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prevalence\u2010based cost\u2010of\u2010illness approach was used to estimate the economic burden of overweight and obesity in Sweden in 2023 from a societal perspective, including healthcare, social services, pharmaceuticals, productivity losses and informal care. The population attributable fraction method was used to estimate the additional cost burden from overweight and obesity compared to normal weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The total economic burden was estimated at approximately EUR 7 billion (EUR 664 per capita), with EUR 2.6 billion from overweight and EUR 4.4 billion from obesity. Productivity losses accounted for 71% of total costs, healthcare costs 21% and pharmaceuticals, informal care and social services 8%. Projections to 2040 suggest that demographic changes alone could increase the burden to EUR 7.2 billion, while rising prevalence could raise it to EUR 8.6 billion. A decrease of one percentage point in obesity prevalence would counteract the demographic effects, resulting in a reduction to EUR 7.1 billion in the projection to 2040.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings highlight the urgent need for effective obesity interventions. Societal strategies promoting healthy lifestyles, targeted prevention and improved access to obesity surgery and evidence\u2010based treatments may reduce the rising prevalence of obesity. Policymakers should weigh short\u2010term costs against long\u2010term savings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T02:11:42Z","timestamp":1786327902000},"page":"9871-9879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Economic Burden of Overweight and Obesity in Sweden: Current Estimates and Future Projections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3715-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Fridhammar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Swedish Institute for Health Economics  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9637-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovanna","family":"Dahlgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, the Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Queen Silvia Children's Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9963-979X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marije","family":"Galavazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5040-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Hjelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Scandinavia AB  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5653-8614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatan","family":"Dereke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Scandinavia AB  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2325-5634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina Steen","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Swedish Institute for Health Economics  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cObesity and Overweight \u201d2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/obesity\u2010and\u2010overweight."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Eurostat \u201cObesity Rate by Body Mass Index (BMI) \u201d2022 https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/sdg_02_10\/default\/table?lang=e."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Sweden \u201cFolkh\u00e4lsodata \u201d2025 https:\/\/fohm\u2010app.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/Folkhalsodata\/pxweb\/sv\/A_Folkhalsodata\/A_Folkhalsodata\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2022.2053676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22978-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-021-01358-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Burden of Disease and Cost of Illness of Overweight and Obesity in Portugal","volume":"18","author":"Borges M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obesity Facts"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2022.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00033-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors","author":"ADL M. 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