{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:38:49Z","timestamp":1792471129097,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/W006804\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W006804\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with Type 2 diabetes experience higher cardiometabolic risk, and both synthetic glucocorticoids and use of 5\u03b1\u2010reductase inhibitors have been individually linked to increased risk of myocardial infarction. We tested whether the increase in risk is exacerbated by co\u2010prescription of both drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a population\u2010based cohort study in the Scottish Diabetes Research Network\u2010National Diabetes Dataset (SDRN\u2010NDS) and IQVIA Medical Research Data\u2010UK (IMRD\u2010UK). Patients with Type 2 diabetes aged \u2265\u200940\u2009years receiving 5\u03b1\u2010reductase inhibitors or tamsulosin, who were incident users of systemic glucocorticoids during 2006\u20132021 were included. We modelled the joint effect of 5\u03b1\u2010reductase inhibitors and cumulative exposure to glucocorticoids on the risk of myocardial infarction using a time\u2010varying Cox proportional hazards model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 13\u2009161 patients with Type 2 diabetes were included in SDRN\u2010NDS and 15\u2009084 in IMRD\u2010UK. Mean age was 71.4\u2009\u00b1\u20099.6 and 72.3\u2009\u00b1\u20099.4\u2009years, with mean follow\u2010up of 4.7 (3.6) and 5.6 (4.0) years, respectively. Median (IQR) total glucocorticoids exposure was 210 (96\u2013630) and 420 (200\u20131240) prednisolone\u2010equivalent milligram. Risk for myocardial infarction was increased among users of 5\u03b1\u2010reductase inhibitors (HR [95% CI]: SDRN\u2010NDS, 1.21 [1.02\u20131.43]; IMRD\u2010UK, 1.27 [1.02\u20131.59]) and per SD increase in cumulative glucocorticoid exposure (HR [95% CI]: SDRN\u2010NDS, 1.09 [1.03\u20131.14]; IMRD\u2010UK, 1.08 [1.01\u20131.15]). We did not observe a multiplicative interaction (SDRN\u2010NDS,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.44; IMRD\u2010UK,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.68) between the use of the two drugs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with Type 2 diabetes exposed to 5\u03b1\u2010reductase inhibitors or glucocorticoids are at an increased risk of myocardial infarction, although a multiplicative interaction between the use of the two drugs was not found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T03:08:02Z","timestamp":1785812882000},"page":"9543-9551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Absence of Interaction Between 5\u03b1\u2010Reductase Inhibitors and Glucocorticoids on Incidence of Myocardial Infarction in People With Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Haolan","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengsheng","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart J.","family":"McGurnaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit for Human Genetics University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke A. K.","family":"Blackbourn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit for Human Genetics University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewan R.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6916-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/93.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21796"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje\u201007\u20100455"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010141\u201010\u2010200411160\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.63.070194.000325"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"NICE Clinical Guideline [CG97]: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men: Management","author":"NICE","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014\u20101395"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015\u20102928"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvag003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010012\u20106037\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90857-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102022\u2010063046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51455-6_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"IQVIA \u201cIQVIA Medical Research Data (IMRD) \u201daccessed 7 July 2026 https:\/\/www.iqvia.com\/locations\/united\u2010kingdom\/solutions\/life\u2010sciences\u2010industry\u2010solutions\/real\u2010world\u2010solutions\/iqvia\u2010medical\u2010research\u2010data."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14236\/jhi.v19i4.820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Glucocorticoid Therapy","author":"British National Formulary","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010024\u201006225\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Scottish Government \u201cScottish Index of Multiple Deprivation \u201daccessed May 18 2023 https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/collections\/scottish\u2010index\u2010of\u2010multiple\u2010deprivation\u20102020\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047279400020341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010012\u20102668\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20\u20101104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022\u20105347(17)49698\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2016.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00086-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.2497"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22933","article-title":"Androgen Deprivation Therapy Increases Cardiovascular Morbidity in Men With Prostate Cancer","volume":"110","author":"Saigal C. 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