{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:39:00Z","timestamp":1792471140216,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009780","name":"Region Sk\u00e5ne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005275","name":"Region Hovedstaden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF20SA0066296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF20SA0066296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004973","name":"Barndiabetesfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004973","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003252","name":"Lunds Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018562","name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First\u2010degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) carry a significantly elevated risk of developing autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease (CD) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The DiaUnion 1.0 study aimed to characterize one\u2010time autoantibodies, genetic risk profiles and long\u2010term progression to T1D, CD or AITD in siblings of children newly diagnosed with T1D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 1997 and 2010, 1427 Danish siblings provided plasma and DNA samples to the DanDiabKids biobank. Autoantibodies associated with T1D (GADA, IAA, IA2A, ZnT8A), CD (tTGA) and AITD (TPOA) were measured using ADAP technology and confirmed by radiobinding assays. Genotyping was performed to compute a T1D Genetic Risk Score (GRS). National registry data were used to track disease incidence up to year 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 1417 screened samples, 7.8% were positive for islet autoantibodies (IAab), and 4.6% had multiple IAab. Disease incidence rate increased substantially with IAab positivity: 0.11 per 100 person\u2010years in IAab\u2010negative siblings, 2.46 in single\u2010IAab positive and 8.10 in those with multiple IAab. Similarly, 1.97 per 100 person\u2010years of tTGA\u2010positive siblings developed CD, and 0.69 per 100 person\u2010years of TPOA\u2010positive individuals developed AITD. Higher GRS and HLA DR3\/DR4 haplotypes were associated with autoantibody positivity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single screening for T1D, CD and AITD autoantibodies combined with genetic risk scoring stratified long\u2010term risk of clinically diagnosed autoimmune disease. These findings support further evaluation of targeted screening and follow\u2010up strategies in FDRs to enable surveillance and potential early intervention before clinical onset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T05:27:16Z","timestamp":1786080436000},"page":"9668-9679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long\u2010Term Follow\u2010Up Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes and Associated Autoimmune Diseases in First\u2010Degree Relatives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Julie H.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen  Herlev Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gitte Lindved","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen  Herlev Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simranjeet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen  Herlev Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University CRC, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University CRC, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Naredi","family":"Scherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University CRC, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Johannesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen  Herlev Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Agardh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University CRC, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie C.","family":"Antvorskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Clinical 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