{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T04:41:15Z","timestamp":1792384875622,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023406","name":"Rembrandt Institute of Cardiovascular Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80640"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the main causes of kidney failure worldwide. Interestingly, patients affected by DKD are characterised by a low abundance of gut bacteria producing short fatty acids including butyrate, which is suggested to play a role in the decline of renal function. Consequently, we aimed to test the effects of oral butyrate supplementation on kidney health in mice affected by DKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To this end, we treated diabetic BKS\n                      <jats:italic>db\/db<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice (C57BLKS\/J\n                      <jats:italic>Lepr<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>db<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      ) via drinking water with the eNOS inhibitor N(\u03c9)\u2010nitro\u2010L\u2010arginine methyl ester (L\u2010NAME), which accelerates the progression of DKD. Simultaneously, mice were fed low\u2010fat chow with or without 5% butyrate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Oral butyrate supplementation reduced mesangial expansion, glomerular enlargement and medullary fibrosis in kidney biopsies of the mice. These protective effects correlated with an increased abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansiaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the gut. In mice treated with butyrate, the abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansiaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and plasma concentration of indole\u20103\u2010methyl acetate and indole\u20103\u2010acetaldehyde, key metabolites associated with many beneficial cardiovascular effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In conclusion, oral butyrate supplementation in mice with DKD improves kidney morphology, accompanied by an increased abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansiaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the gut. Future studies, such as transplantation of\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , should reveal whether this relationship is causal and translate into improved kidney function in DKD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T02:38:57Z","timestamp":1787107137000},"page":"10278-10291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral Butyrate Reduces Progression of Kidney Damage in an L\u2010\n                    <scp>NAME<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Induced Diabetic Kidney Disease Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1985-3826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Novella","family":"Nicese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Koudijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshma","family":"Lalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Avramut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rico J. 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