{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T04:41:17Z","timestamp":1792384877611,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to examine whether offspring exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) had different fat\u2013lean balance trajectories from unexposed offspring and whether the estimated associations were attenuated after adjustment for maternal pre\u2010pregnancy adiposity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using UK Millennium Cohort Study data, we analysed body composition outcomes, including fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass index (FMI), fat\u2010free mass index (FFMI), and the FMI\/FFMI ratio. Linear mixed\u2010effects models characterised body composition trajectories from ages 7\u201317\u2009years, with additional adjustment to assess the attenuation of the estimates after accounting for maternal pre\u2010pregnancy adiposity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis included 14\u2009329 offspring, of whom 170 were exposed to maternal GDM. In the primary adjusted model, GDM\u2010exposed offspring had higher model\u2010predicted values for all body composition indices than unexposed offspring across the observed ages. GDM\u2010by\u2010age interaction terms indicated age\u2010varying between\u2010group differences for FM, FMI, and the FMI\/FFMI ratio (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with borderline evidence for BF% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.050) and no clear evidence for FFMI. After additional adjustment for maternal pre\u2010pregnancy adiposity, the estimated between\u2010group differences were attenuated, and some age\u2010specific contrasts, particularly at age 7\u2009years, were no longer statistically significant. Nevertheless, age\u2010varying between\u2010group patterns remained evident for several body composition indices.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal GDM exposure was associated with age\u2010varying differences in offspring fat mass and fat\u2013lean balance during childhood and adolescence, and these associations were attenuated after adjustment for maternal pre\u2010pregnancy adiposity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T02:16:11Z","timestamp":1787710571000},"page":"10475-10485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal Gestational Diabetes and Trajectories of Offspring Fat\u2013Lean Balance in the Millennium Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9685-5382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxing","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9986-4373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8633-2199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2141-1484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4125-6059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8903-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanhan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3612-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou 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