{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:04:10Z","timestamp":1789434250763,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study quantified the real\u2010world healthcare costs and utilisation associated with diagnosed metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among adults with Type 2 diabetes (T2D).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using IQVIA PharMetrics\u00a0Plus Closed Health Plan data from January 2016 to June 2025. Eligible participants were adults aged 18\u201364\u2009years with T2D. MASLD was identified during the baseline period, and patients with MASLD were matched 1:1 to T2D\u2010only controls using propensity scores. The primary outcome was all\u2010cause total direct healthcare costs over 12\u2009months of follow\u2010up. Adjusted cost ratios (aCRs) and average marginal effects (AMEs) were estimated using generalised linear models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final cohort included 155\u2009172 adults with T2D. After PS matching, 17\u2009412 matched pairs were retained. Mean total healthcare costs were $29\u2009734 among patients with MASLD and $18\u2009320 among matched controls. MASLD was associated with 62% higher total healthcare costs (aCR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.58\u20131.67), corresponding to an AME of $11\u2009411 (95% CI, $10\u2009725\u2013$12\u2009097) per patient per year. In medication\u2010defined subgroups, excess costs remained substantial among patients receiving GLP\u20101 receptor agonists (AME, $10\u2009653) and SGLT2 inhibitors (AME, $13\u2009842). MASLD was also associated with greater healthcare utilisation across all service settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among adults with T2D, MASLD was associated with substantially higher healthcare costs and utilisation. These findings highlight the economic burden of MASLD in this high\u2010risk population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:54:55Z","timestamp":1789433695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real\u2010World Cost and Utilisation Burden of Diagnosed Metabolic Dysfunction\u2010Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6958-7466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tien Hoang","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research University of Maryland School of Pharmacy  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3194-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung\u2010Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research University of Maryland School of Pharmacy  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rozalina G.","family":"McCoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing  North Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafar","family":"Zafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research University of Maryland School of Pharmacy  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing  North Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520","article-title":"A Multisociety Delphi Consensus Statement on New Fatty Liver Disease Nomenclature","volume":"78","author":"Rinella M. 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