{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:55:16Z","timestamp":1790567716859,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression are established risk factors for dementia, yet clinically observable markers of neurocognitive vulnerability in younger adults with these comorbidities remain poorly characterized. We examined whether longitudinal body weight (BW) change is associated with incident dementia in young and middle\u2010aged adults with T2DM and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed a nationwide cohort of 17\u2009851 adults aged 20\u201359\u2009years with T2DM and depression from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. BW change between two health screenings (2010 and 2012) was categorized as &lt;\u2009\u221210%, \u221210% to &lt;\u2009\u22125%, \u22125% to +5% (reference), &gt;\u2009+5% to &lt;\u2009+10% and \u2265\u2009+10%. Participants were followed for a median of 10.3\u2009years. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, with sensitivity analyses addressing competing risk of death, reverse causation, age dependency, depression burden and non\u2010linearity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During 178\u2009342.2 person\u2010years, 527 participants developed dementia (2.96 per 1000 person\u2010years). Compared with stable BW, fully adjusted HRs were 1.53 (95% CI, 1.01\u20132.32) for &lt;\u2009\u221210% BW loss, 1.69 (1.35\u20132.11) for \u221210% to &lt;\u2009\u22125% loss, 1.41 (1.07\u20131.86) for &gt;\u2009+5% to &lt;\u2009+10% gain and 1.74 (1.13\u20132.68) for \u2265\u2009+10% gain. Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a non\u2010linear association (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      for non\u2010linearity\u2009=\u20090.0035). Findings were broadly consistent in analyses restricted to dementia before age 65, competing\u2010risk analysis and participants aged 40\u201359\u2009years. However, extreme BW loss and gain were attenuated in the 3\u2010year lag analysis, and substantial BW loss was attenuated after adjustment for depression\u2010related claim frequency.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Marked BW change was associated with subsequent dementia risk in young and middle\u2010aged adults with T2DM and depression. BW trajectories may serve as clinically observable risk markers, although associations involving extreme BW change should be interpreted cautiously.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:06:47Z","timestamp":1790564807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Body Weight Change and Dementia Risk in Young and Middle\u2010Aged Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Depression: A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3965-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae Yeon","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, College of Natural Sciences Soongsil University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Hyun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su\u2010Yeon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191028.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes\u2014Global Burden of Disease and Forecasted Trends","volume":"10","author":"Khan M. 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Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142026","volume":"49","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.71388","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dom.71388","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.71388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:06:56Z","timestamp":1790564816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.71388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.71388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.71388","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"dom.71388"}}