{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T22:16:43Z","timestamp":1781907403167,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatologic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Management of chronic\/recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is challenging. The majority of these patients become steroid\u2010dependent and suffer from the adverse effects of long\u2010term corticosteroid use. Minocycline has shown promising results in a small series of chronic\/recurrent ENL patients. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of minocycline and clofazimine in patients with chronic\/recurrent ENL. In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 60 participants with chronic\/recurrent ENL were randomized (1:1) to receive either minocycline 100\u2009mg once daily or clofazimine 100\u2009mg thrice daily for 12\u2009weeks along with prednisolone according to WHO protocol and followed up for 6\u00a0months. The outcome measures were mean time for initial control of ENL, proportion of patients having a recurrence of ENL, mean time for recurrence after initial control, additional prednisolone requirement, and frequency of adverse events. Initial control of ENL was achieved earlier in the minocycline group as compared to the clofazimine group (2.97\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u2009weeks vs. 4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.96\u2009weeks, respectively; <jats:bold><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u20100.048<\/jats:bold>). The number of participants having ENL flares\/recurrences during the study period was comparable in both groups (71.4% in clofazimine vs. 55.2% in minocycline group; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u20100.2). The participants in the minocycline group remained in remission for a longer duration after initial control of ENL as compared to the clofazimine group (<jats:bold><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u20100.001<\/jats:bold>). Mean additional prednisolone dose required for control of ENL flares\/recurrences was also comparable in both groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u20100.09). The minocycline group had fewer side effects than the clofazimine group (<jats:bold><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u20100.047<\/jats:bold>). Minocycline led to a rapid and sustained improvement of ENL episodes with fewer adverse events showing a superior efficacy to clofazimine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T06:10:46Z","timestamp":1630995046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of the efficacy and safety of minocycline and clofazimine in chronic and recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum\u2014A randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5768-3947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinod","family":"Hanumanthu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0495-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishal","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarun","family":"Narang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Dogra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1489\/1544-581X(2004)072<0125:ECOLRY>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Organization WH. WHO Guidelines for the Management of Severe Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) Reactions. World Health Organization.2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0384"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"WHO expert committe on Leprosy: WHO TRS N\u00b0874; [cited 2021 9 march].1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002690"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2009.00534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Clofazimine in lepra (ENL) reaction, one year clinical trial","volume":"55","author":"Burte NP","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lepr India"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Using methotrexate to treat patients with ENL unresponsive to steroids and clofazimine: a report on 9 patients","volume":"84","author":"Hossain D","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20175471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc052955"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/505222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0616"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.90.2.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00755.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12793"}],"container-title":["Dermatologic Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dth.15125","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dth.15125","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dth.15125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T12:08:12Z","timestamp":1713960492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dth.15125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dth.15125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dth.15125","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1396-0296","1529-8019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1396-0296","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-8019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15125"}}