{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:17:02Z","timestamp":1770754622297,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatologic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melasma is a disorder of hyperpigmentation that is frustratingly resistant to therapy with a high recurrence rate on treatment discontinuation. With the scarcity of melasma epidemiological studies from India, we conducted this study to see clinico\u2010epidemiological trends and therapeutic response. Totally 957 melasma patients were studied during the 5\u2010year period between October 2014 and September 2019. A female preponderance was seen. Patients were classified as early, moderate, and late responders if they had more than 80% clinical improvement within 8, 8\u201312, and 12\u201316\u2009weeks rest classified as nonresponders. Six hundred and forty\u2010eight patients with mMASI of \u22645 had been prescribed non\u2010hydroquinone\u2010based therapies who had overall response rate of 40.9% by end of 16\u2009weeks, 309 with mMASI &gt;5 received hydroquinone based triple combination with a response rate of 33.6% at end of 16\u2009weeks. A total of 33.65% responded to triple combination compared to 40.1% in the non\u2010hydroquinone group. All nonresponders received oral tranexamic acid 250\u2009mg twice daily. Most patients on oral tranexamic acid group developed recurrence by 6\u2009weeks post discontinuation, compared with triple combination therapy group who had relapsed by 2\u2009months post discontinuation and 4\u2009months to relapse with non\u2010hydroquinone\u2010based therapies. Side effects experienced were 0.83% in hydroquinone group reporting erythema and burning. 0.57% in non\u2010hydroquinone group perceived stinging sensation and none from tranexamic acid group. The longest follow up available in our study was for 18\u2009months. The emergent need of the hour is a long, safe, and effective therapy for melasma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T05:47:05Z","timestamp":1632289625000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clinico\u2010epidemiological profile and long term follow up in melasma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8091-101X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muthu Sendhil","family":"Kumaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1791-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vignesh","family":"Narayan R","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5461-2465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akanksha","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1165-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha","family":"Bishnoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh 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