{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T16:24:22Z","timestamp":1785601462980,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rheumatic heart disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content>) is common and remains a major cause of morbidity, particularly in developing countries. Its diagnosis relies on expertise\u2010dependent echocardiographic studies. We evaluated the accuracy of briefly trained examiners in identifying <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content> utilizing a hand\u2010carried cardiac ultrasound (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCU<\/jats:styled-content>) device.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three medical students received 8\u00a0hours of training in cardiac ultrasound, focused on assessment of rheumatic valve injury and its complications, using a prototype of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCU<\/jats:styled-content> device, OptiGo. The students, blinded to the patients' medical condition, performed an auscultation\u2010based physical examination and a focused <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCU<\/jats:styled-content> study on volunteers and patients with known <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content>. A standard echocardiography study was used to validate the results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each student performed a physical examination followed by an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCU<\/jats:styled-content> study on 45 subjects (mean age 57\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014\u00a0years, 52% men), 14 of whom (31%) had rheumatic mitral valve injury. The students' averaged sensitivity for diagnosing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content> by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCU<\/jats:styled-content> examination was 81%, while specificity was 95%. The interrater agreement (kappa) of the 3 students' <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCU<\/jats:styled-content> study and the standard echocardiography examination were between 0.55 and 0.88 (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), and among the students themselves between 0.57 and 0.74 (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), as students 1 and 2 had better results than student 3. Auscultation\u2010based physical examination rendered low sensitivity (16%) for diagnosing rheumatic valve complications, namely mitral regurgitation and stenosis; however, it improved by 26% when students based their diagnosis on an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCU<\/jats:styled-content> study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ability to detect rheumatic valve injury using a portable ultrasound device by operators who only received brief echocardiographic training is remarkably high. However, the diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content> complications is only modest. This result highlights the utility of portable cardiac ultrasound devices operated by basically trained personnel as a valuable diagnostic tool for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T16:59:59Z","timestamp":1359046799000},"page":"621-626","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Briefly Trained Medical Students Can Effectively Identify Rheumatic Mitral Valve Injury Using a Hand\u2010Carried Ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Hezzy","family":"Shmueli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuval","family":"Burstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iftach","family":"Sagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zvi H.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Ilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department Soroka University Medical Center Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaakov","family":"Henkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department Soroka University Medical Center Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tali","family":"Shafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center Soroka University Medical Center Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Liel\u2010Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department Soroka University Medical Center Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio L.","family":"Kobal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department Soroka University Medical Center Beer Sheva 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