{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:13:11Z","timestamp":1791825191181,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bleeding from esophageal varices is a major potential concern during transesophageal echocardiography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEE<\/jats:styled-content>) in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. As there are limited data on its risk in these patients, this was retrospectively assessed at our institution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hospital electronic medical record database at our university affiliated teaching hospital was searched for all patients with esophageal varices undergoing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEE<\/jats:styled-content> from 2000 to 2012 and patient charts were reviewed for procedure\u2010related bleeding complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four patients with esophageal varices were found (18 men, 57\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014\u00a0years). Nine patients had grade 2 esophageal varices, 15 patients had grade 1 varices, and 12 patients had portal hypertensive gastropathy. Alcoholic liver disease (9) and hepatitis C (8) were the most common etiologies of the cirrhosis with an average <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MELD<\/jats:styled-content> score of 15. The most common indication for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEE<\/jats:styled-content> was for possible endocarditis (15). Medications potentially increasing bleeding risk included warfarin in 2 and aspirin in 7 patients. Twelve patients were taking \u03b2\u2010blockers for portal hypertension. There were no immediate bleeding complications and none of these patients were readmitted with bleeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEE<\/jats:styled-content> can be performed without serious bleeding risk in patients with grade 1 or 2 esophageal varices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T15:09:21Z","timestamp":1370531361000},"page":"1152-1155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Bleeding Risk in Patients with Esophageal Varices Undergoing Transesophageal Echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Pantham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University Hospital Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisheet","family":"Waghray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Einstadter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Finkelhor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Division MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(14)80216-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.3.817"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200105000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2005.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31825475c2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-0998-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"258","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in patients with chronic hepatic failure: A four cases series","volume":"26","author":"Oksenberg RD","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Chilena Infectol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22172"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91168-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/346705"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2007.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.74470"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i40.5331"}],"container-title":["Echocardiography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fecho.12274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/echo.12274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T09:02:25Z","timestamp":1696323745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/echo.12274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/echo.12274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/echo.12274","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-2822","1540-8175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-2822","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]]}}}