{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T15:15:54Z","timestamp":1789917354777,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,20]],"date-time":"2013-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endothelial function plays a key role in determining the clinical manifestations of established atherosclerotic lesions and has shown to be associated with suppressed sympathetic tone. Abnormal heart rate recovery (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content>) and systolic blood pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>) response during recovery has been found to have diagnostic role for detecting cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether with abnormal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content> and delayed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content> recovery ratio after exercise could predict endothelial dysfunction in prediabetic subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010two prediabetic patients underwent brachial artery flow\u2010mediated dilatation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content>) test and a maximal exercise stress test. Seventy\u2010eight healthy subjects served as a control group. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content> at 1\u00a0minute (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content> recovery ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBPRR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) was defined as the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content> at minute 3 of recovery divided by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content> at peak exercise. Left ventricular diastolic function was assessed utilizing both conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Flow\u2010mediated dilatation was significantly decreased in prediabetics versus controls (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Isovolumetric relaxation time and E\/E\u2032 were significantly increased in prediabetics (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01 and &lt;0.001). Delayed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBPRR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> was significantly correlated with impaired endothelial function and (E\/E\u2032) in prediabetics (r\u00a0=\u00a00.62, P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001 and r\u00a0=\u00a00.56, P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001, respectively). Stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBPRR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> were significant predictors of endothelial dysfunction (r\u00a0=\u00a00.61, r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.37, P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01 and r\u00a0=\u00a00.51; r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a027; P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and delayed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content> response detected during recovery imply a significant correlation with impaired endothelial function and diastolic dysfunction in prediabetics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,20]],"date-time":"2013-12-20T09:50:06Z","timestamp":1387533006000},"page":"858-864","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Delayed Blood Pressure Recovery Ratio and Its Relation to Endothelial Function and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Prediabetics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ragab A.","family":"Mahfouz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Dewedar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Elawady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelhakem","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Goda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.6.1549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.17.4.574"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3901.095960"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Post\u2010exercise systolic blood pressure response; 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