{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:48:28Z","timestamp":1787014108896,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,24]],"date-time":"2013-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate determinants of right ventricular (\n RV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) function in competitive athletes by a combined assessment of speckle tracking (\n STE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and real time 3D echocardiography (\n RT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3\n DE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Right ventricular function of 40 top\u2010level rowers was compared to 43 sedentary normal controls by standard Doppler echocardiography,\n RT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3\n DE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n STE<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n RV<\/jats:styled-content>\n diameters and wall thickness, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (\n TAPSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), tricuspid E\/A ratio, and pulsed tissue Doppler of lateral tricuspid annulus were analyzed.\n RV<\/jats:styled-content>\n volumes, ejection fraction (\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and stroke volume (\n SV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were determined.\n RV<\/jats:styled-content>\n global longitudinal strain (\n GLS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) (average of 6 regions), septal strain (average of 3 septal regions, septal longitudinal strain [\n SLS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ]), and lateral strain (average of 3 lateral regions, lateral longitudinal strain [\n LLS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ]) were estimated by\n STE<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The 2 groups were comparable for age, body mass index, and blood pressure, but heart rate was lower in rowers.\n RV<\/jats:styled-content>\n diameters were larger and\n TAPSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , tricuspid E\/A ratio, and tissue Doppler\u2010derived s\u2032 and e\u2032 velocities were higher in rowers. By\n RT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3\n DE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n RV<\/jats:styled-content>\n end\u2010diastolic volume (\n EDV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and end\u2010systolic volume were greater in rowers (both P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001), without difference in\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n GLS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (P\u00a0<\u00a00.005) and\n LLS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), but not\n SLS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , were greater in rowers. In pooled groups,\n LLS<\/jats:styled-content>\n was related to\n EDV<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n SV<\/jats:styled-content>\n , even after adjusting for heart rate, body mass index, and\n RV<\/jats:styled-content>\n wall thickness by separate multiple linear regression analyses (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n coefficient\u00a0=\u00a00.247, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01 and\n \u03b2\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.225, P\u00a0<\u00a00.02, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Right ventricular preload exerts its maximal influence on the longitudinal lateral fibers, which is independent on potential confounders and largely induces\n RV<\/jats:styled-content>\n supranormal function in the athlete's heart.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,24]],"date-time":"2013-12-24T00:19:09Z","timestamp":1387844349000},"page":"996-1004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Nonsymmetric Myocardial Contribution to Supranormal Right Ventricular Function in the Athlete's Heart: Combined Assessment by Speckle Tracking and Real Time Three\u2010Dimensional Echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Roberta","family":"Esposito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Echocardiography Laboratory Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Galderisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Echocardiography Laboratory Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University Naples 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