{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:07:53Z","timestamp":1783087673801,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesized that many of the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause atherosclerotic disease may be present in early childhood in children with family history of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the relation of epicardial fat thickness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFT<\/jats:styled-content>) with flow\u2010mediated dilatation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content>) and diastolic function in children with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFT<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> FMD<\/jats:styled-content>, in 209 children (mean age 8.6\u00a0+\u00a03.2\u00a0years). Children were classified into 2 groups: 109 children with a family history of type 2 diabetes (group at risk) and 100 healthy children with age and body mass index matched and without parental history of diabetes constituted the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epicardial fat thickness was significantly increased in group at risk compared with control children (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly lower in group at risk versus controls (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFT<\/jats:styled-content> was inversely correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content> (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.46; P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), while it was positively correlated with E\/E\u2032 (r\u00a0=\u00a00.48; P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and hs<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> (r\u00a0=\u00a00.39; P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Receiver\u2010operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a cutoff value of 5\u00a0mm for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFT<\/jats:styled-content> can predict endothelial dysfunction in children with family history of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> area under the curve (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.852) with a specificity of 92.2% and a sensitivity of 77.4%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that children with family history of type 2 diabetes bear considerably impaired <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content>% and diastolic dysfunction associated with increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFT<\/jats:styled-content>, that reflecting process that promote the development of cardiovascular disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T08:28:00Z","timestamp":1395736080000},"page":"28-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Relationship of Epicardial Fat Thickness with Endothelial and Cardiac Functions in Children with Family History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ragab A.","family":"Mahfouz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department Zagazig University Hospital Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alzaiat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department Zagazig University Hospital Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Yousry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department Zagazig 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