{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:37:49Z","timestamp":1789745869667,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,18]],"date-time":"2014-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Echocardiographic quantification of mitral regurgitation (MR) can be challenging if the valve geometry is significantly altered. Our aim was to compare the quantification of MR by the recently developed real time three\u2010dimensional (3D) volume color flow Doppler (RT\u2010VCFD) method to the conventional two\u2010dimensional (2D) echocardiographic methods during the MitraClip procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven patients (mean age 76\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08\u00a0years, 56% male) were prospectively enrolled and severity of MR was assessed before and after the MitraClip procedure in the operating room by 3 different methods: (1) by integrative visual approach by transesophageal echocardiography, (2) by transthoracic 2D pulsed\u2010wave Doppler\u2013based calculation of aortic stroke volumes (SV) and mitral inflow allowing calculation of regurgitant volume, and (3) by transthoracic 3D RT\u2010VCFD\u2013based calculation of regurgitant volume.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found moderate agreement between the integrative visual approach and the 3D RT\u2010VCFD method for assessment of MR severity before (\u03ba\u00a0=\u00a00.4, P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and after MitraClip (\u03ba\u00a0=\u00a00.5, P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Relevant MR (3+ and 4+) was detected by visual approach in 27\/27 and by 3D\u2010VCFD method in 24\/27 patients before and in 1 patient by both methods after the MitraClip procedure. In contrast, MR quantification by 2D SV method did not agree with the integrative visual approach or with the 3D RT\u2010VCFD method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantification of MR before and after percutaneous MV repair by 3D RT\u2010VCFD is comparable to the integrative visual assessment and more reliable than the 2D SV method in this small study population. Further automation of 3D RT\u2010VCFD is needed to improve the accuracy of peri\u2010interventional MR quantification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,18]],"date-time":"2014-10-18T10:27:00Z","timestamp":1413628020000},"page":"1140-1146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation by Real Time Three\u2010Dimensional Color Doppler Flow Echocardiography Pre\u2013 and Post\u2013Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Christiane","family":"Gruner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Echocardiography Laboratory University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Echocardiography Laboratory University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Bettex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Felix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Datta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc. Mountain View California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Greutmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Echocardiography Laboratory University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Gaemperli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andreas Gr\u00fcntzig Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Cardiology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon A.","family":"M\u00fcggler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix C.","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Echocardiography Laboratory University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juerg","family":"Gruenenfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Corti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andreas Gr\u00fcntzig Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Cardiology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patric","family":"Biaggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Echocardiography Laboratory University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(03)00335-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90436-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2009.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(00)00222-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.974691"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00275.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.980383"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.07.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.06.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.135061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38079-2_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300705"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"1787","article-title":"ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. 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