{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T08:49:30Z","timestamp":1786870170018,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]],"date-time":"2015-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pericardial effusion in pulmonary arterial hypertension (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content>) is an indicator of right heart failure and poor prognosis; its significance on serial transthoracic echocardiograms (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTE<\/jats:styled-content>) is not clear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline and follow\u2010up <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTE<\/jats:styled-content> (1.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5\u00a0years), clinical parameters, and outcomes were studied (N\u00a0=\u00a0200) in consecutive patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content> who underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTE<\/jats:styled-content> at our center between October 1999 and November 2007. Study baseline <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTE<\/jats:styled-content> was 2.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.0\u00a0years from initial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over median follow\u2010up of 3.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.6\u00a0years from baseline <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTE<\/jats:styled-content>, 106 patients (53%) died. Pericardial effusion was present in 20% at baseline, and at any time during the study in 29%. Patients with any pericardial effusion during follow\u2010up were more likely to have underlying connective tissue disease. They also had significantly higher mean right atrial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, had lower cardiac output by invasive hemodynamic studies, had higher serum creatinine, and were more likely to be treated with prostanoids. Patients were also significantly likely to have more echocardiographic right atrial dilation and right ventricular dilation and dysfunction, and worse tricuspid regurgitation with higher peak velocity. During follow\u2010up, there was significantly increased use of prostanoids (58% vs. 28%) and\u00a0combination therapy (8% vs. 2%) compared to baseline. Persistence of pericardial effusion on both\u00a0baseline and follow\u2010up <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTE<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with worse outcome, and an independent predictor of\u00a0survival after adjusting for age, creatinine, functional class, and hemodynamics (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Persistence of pericardial effusion in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content> despite vasoactive therapy predicts worse outcomes; absence or resolution of pericardial effusion with therapy suggests better prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,14]],"date-time":"2015-02-14T04:39:12Z","timestamp":1423888752000},"page":"1471-1476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prognostic Value of Pericardial Effusion on Serial Echocardiograms in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Batal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology UPMC, Heart and Vascular Institute Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeina","family":"Dardari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelcie","family":"Costabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology UPMC, Heart and Vascular Institute Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Gorcsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology UPMC, Heart and Vascular Institute Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent C.","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Mathier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology UPMC, Heart and Vascular Institute Pittsburgh 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