{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:38:39Z","timestamp":1787495919805,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,6]],"date-time":"2015-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Coronary artery fistulae (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) are rare congenital anomalies and reported to have an incidence of 0.1\u20130.2% of all coronary angiograms. An association between fistulae and nonatherosclerotic coronary artery aneurysms is even more rare. In childhood, patients are mostly asymptomatic; however, patients older than 20\u00a0years old may present with signs of infective endocarditis, myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure, and aneurysm rupture.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    are typically identified by coronary angiography; however, there are some limited studies showing that transesophageal echocardiography (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) can also be useful in identifying\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Here we report two cases of endocarditis secondary to congenital coronary artery fistulae draining into either a cardiac cavity or a coronary sinus, which were detected by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Vegetations were found at the site of the fistulae drainage. Management for young patients is either percutaneous or surgical intervention. For elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, conservative treatment is another option. In these two cases, treating endocarditis with proper antibiotics and supportive treatment, the patients' conditions improved significantly.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,7]],"date-time":"2015-09-07T01:14:59Z","timestamp":1441588499000},"page":"1868-1872","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Coronary Artery Fistula\u2010Associated Endocarditis: Report of\u00a0Two Cases and a Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine St. Luke's Hospital Chesterfield Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hope","family":"Cranston\u2010D'Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care and Infectious Disease St. Luke's Hospital Chesterfield Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology St. Luke's Hospital Chesterfield Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1810350207"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/71.1.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000177114"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Congenital coronary fistulas in children and adults: Diagnosis, surgical technique and results","volume":"37","author":"Tkebuchava T","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021762504077"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","article-title":"Coronary artery fistulas, a current 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