{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:17:13Z","timestamp":1791274633014,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Cardiac infiltration is an important cause of death in sarcoidosis. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE<\/jats:styled-content>) has limited sensitivity for the detection of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS<\/jats:styled-content>). Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE<\/jats:styled-content>) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR<\/jats:styled-content>) is used to diagnose CS<\/jats:styled-content> but has limitations of cost and availability. We sought to determine whether TTE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010derived global longitudinal strain (GLS<\/jats:styled-content>) may be used to identify individuals with CS<\/jats:styled-content>, despite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF<\/jats:styled-content>), and whether abnormal GLS<\/jats:styled-content> is associated with major cardiovascular events (MCE<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We studied 31 patients with biopsy\u2010proven extra\u2010cardiac sarcoidosis, LVEF<\/jats:styled-content>>50% and LGE<\/jats:styled-content> on CMR<\/jats:styled-content> (CS<\/jats:styled-content>+ group), and 31 patients without LGE<\/jats:styled-content> (CS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 group), matched by age, sex, and severity of lung disease. GLS<\/jats:styled-content> was measured using vendor\u2010independent speckle tracking software. Parameters of left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic function were also studied. Receiver\u2010operating characteristic curves were used to identify GLS<\/jats:styled-content> cutoff for CS<\/jats:styled-content> detection, and Kaplan\u2013Meier plots to determine the ability of GLS<\/jats:styled-content> to predict MCE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>LGE<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with reduced GLS<\/jats:styled-content> (\u221219.6\u00b11.9% in CS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 vs \u221214.7\u00b12.4% in CS<\/jats:styled-content>+, P<\/jats:italic><.01) and with reduced E\/A ratio (1.1\u00b10.3 vs 0.9\u00b10.3, respectively, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=.01). No differences were noted in other TTE<\/jats:styled-content> parameters. GLS<\/jats:styled-content> magnitude inversely correlated with LGE<\/jats:styled-content> burden (r<\/jats:italic>=\u2212.59). GLS<\/jats:styled-content> cutoff of \u221217% showed sensitivity and specificity 94% for detecting CS<\/jats:styled-content>. Patients who experienced MCE<\/jats:styled-content> had worse GLS<\/jats:styled-content> than those who did not (\u221213.4\u00b10.9% vs \u221217.7\u00b10.4%, P<\/jats:italic>=.0003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>CS<\/jats:styled-content> is associated with significantly reduced GLS<\/jats:styled-content> in the presence of preserved LVEF<\/jats:styled-content>. GLS<\/jats:styled-content> measurements may become part of the TTE<\/jats:styled-content> study performed to screen for CS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]],"date-time":"2016-09-28T04:18:06Z","timestamp":1475036286000},"page":"1344-1352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Improved detection of myocardial damage in sarcoidosis using longitudinal strain in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Gillian","family":"Murtagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Radiology University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke J.","family":"Laffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Radiology University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kershaw V.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Radiology University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit V.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Radiology University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Bonham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Radiology University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Radiology University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karima","family":"Addetia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Radiology University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"El\u2010Hangouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Radiology University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Maffesanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Radiology University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Mor\u2010Avi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Radiology University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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