{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:24:36Z","timestamp":1740137076990,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate left atrial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content>) volume and function using real time three\u2010dimensional echocardiography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DE<\/jats:styled-content>) in patients with cardiac syndrome X (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSX<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSX<\/jats:styled-content> (28 females; mean age 50.9\u00b110.9\u00a0years) and 50 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched healthy controls (30 females; mean age 52.3\u00b19.8\u00a0years) who had negative treadmill exercise test and normal coronary arteries on invasive coronary angiography were included in the study. Comprehensive two\u2010dimensional (2D), pulsed and tissue Doppler, speckle tracking echocardiography, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DE<\/jats:styled-content> for the assessment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content> dynamics were performed in all study participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac syndrome X and control groups have similar clinical characteristics regarding age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking habit. 2D echocardiographic parameters were also similar between groups. Pulsed\u2010 and tissue Doppler parameters, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVRT<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> A<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> values, were higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSX<\/jats:styled-content> group, while <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> ratios were higher in the control group reflecting mild diastolic dysfunction. Regarding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DE<\/jats:styled-content> parameters, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content> maximum volume, minimum volume, volume before atrial contraction, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content> maximum volume index, total and active stroke volumes were found to be increased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSX<\/jats:styled-content> patients. However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content> total stroke fraction, passive stroke volume, passive stroke fraction, peak systolic, and diastolic longitudinal strains were found to be lower in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSX<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main finding of this study was that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSX<\/jats:styled-content> patients had altered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content> booster pump, reservoir, and conduit functions. This finding may have clinical implications for early detection of abnormal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content> dynamics in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSX<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]],"date-time":"2017-04-05T16:47:20Z","timestamp":1491410840000},"page":"862-868","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Left atrial volume and function in patients with cardiac syndrome X assessed by real time three\u2010dimensional echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Nusret","family":"Ac\u0131kgoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Cardiology Inonu University Faculty of Medicine  Malatya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julide","family":"Yagmur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Cardiology Inonu University 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