{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:50:26Z","timestamp":1770835826031,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,12]],"date-time":"2017-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013021010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013021010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal diagnosis of fetal total anomalous pulmonary vein connection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAPVC<\/jats:styled-content>) remains challenging for most screening sonographers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of four\u2010dimensional echocardiography with high\u2010definition flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation (4D\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFI<\/jats:styled-content>) in identifying pulmonary veins in normal and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAPVC<\/jats:styled-content> fetuses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material &amp; Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed and performed 4D\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFI<\/jats:styled-content> in 204 normal and 12 fetuses with confirmed diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAPVC<\/jats:styled-content>. Cardiac volumes were available for postanalysis to obtain 4D\u2010rendered images of the pulmonary veins. For the normal fetuses, two other traditional modalities including color Doppler and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFI<\/jats:styled-content> were used to detect the number of pulmonary veins and comparisons were made between each of these traditional methods and 4D\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For conventional echocardiography, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFI<\/jats:styled-content> modality was superior to color Doppler in detecting more pulmonary veins in normal fetuses throughout the gestational period. 4D\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFI<\/jats:styled-content> was the best method during the second trimester of pregnancy in identifying normal fetal pulmonary veins. 4D\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFI<\/jats:styled-content> images vividly depicted the figure, course, and drainage of pulmonary veins in both normal and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAPVC<\/jats:styled-content> fetuses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFI<\/jats:styled-content> and the advanced 4D\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFI<\/jats:styled-content> technique could facilitate identification of the anatomical features of pulmonary veins in both normal and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAPVC<\/jats:styled-content> fetuses; 4D\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFI<\/jats:styled-content> therefore provides additional and more precise information than conventional echocardiography techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,12]],"date-time":"2017-04-12T05:32:49Z","timestamp":1491975169000},"page":"906-914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Role of four\u2010dimensional 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