{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:28:41Z","timestamp":1791210521517,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557792000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81301241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81301241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BZ0308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BZ0308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009331","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XMLX201604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XMLX201604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Premature restriction or closure of foramen ovale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FO<\/jats:styled-content>) in otherwise structurally normal hearts may be associated with right ventricular dilation, tricuspid regurgitation, pericardial effusion, heart failure, even poor perinatal outcomes. Data about these rare conditions are lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed the echocardiographic records of 9704 fetuses seen from 2010 to 2014 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, a regional and national referral center, to ascertain the presence of restriction or closure of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FO<\/jats:styled-content>. We collected the fetal echocardiography and perinatal outcome data for this group of fetuses with restriction or closure of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FO<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this large, single\u2010institution cohort (n\u00a0=\u00a09704), 6707 fetuses seen between 23 and 37\u00a0weeks of gestation had normal heart structures; of these, 60 (0.89%) had restrictive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FO<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rFO<\/jats:styled-content>) and 5 (0.07%) had closure of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FO<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cFO<\/jats:styled-content>). Fetal echocardiographic images showed right atrial dilation in 48 (73.84%), right ventricular dilation in 38 (58.46%), tricuspid regurgitation in 19 (29.23%), and pericardial effusion in 10 (15.38%). Also in this group, 50 (83.3%) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rFO<\/jats:styled-content> and 4 (80.0%) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cFO<\/jats:styled-content> had follow\u2010up data. No prenatal deaths occurred in either the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rFO<\/jats:styled-content> or the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cFO<\/jats:styled-content> group, but the neonatal mortality included 1 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rFO<\/jats:styled-content> group and 2 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cFO<\/jats:styled-content> group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Premature <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rFO<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cFO<\/jats:styled-content> are rare in fetuses with otherwise structurally normal hearts. The fetal echocardiographic characteristics include right atrial and ventricular dilated, tricuspid regurgitation, and pericardial effusion. Most fetuses had a good outcome, although there was an association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rFO<\/jats:styled-content>, especially <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cFO<\/jats:styled-content>, with neonatal morality and complications (prematurity, maternal preeclampsia and placental abruption, hydrops fetalis, and necrotizing enterocolitis with perforation).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T10:12:29Z","timestamp":1526292749000},"page":"1189-1195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Isolated premature restriction or closure of foramen ovale in fetuses: Echocardiographic characteristics and outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1131-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7280-4329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuping","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heart Center St. Christopher's Hospital for Children and Drexel University College of Medicine  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7363-0316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"284","volume-title":"Fetal Cardiology: Embryology, Genetics, Physiology, Echocardiographic Evaluation, Diagnosis and Perinatal Management of Cardiac Diseases","author":"Yagel S","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.07.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00225-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc1102.105232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081373"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.7.1291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-011-0032-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2004.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-0879-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2001.00331.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(14)80396-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1991.01050313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1991.10.8.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"425","volume-title":"Echocardiography","author":"Redel DA","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(90)90214-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870160905"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.12060404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Fetal atrial septal aneurysm. 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