{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T11:48:40Z","timestamp":1769341720638,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"Background and Aims<\/jats:title>Few studies have shown the direct effect of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH<\/jats:styled-content>) on myocardial systolic function. Studies focused on heterozygote FH<\/jats:styled-content> patients but not homozygote ones, and they did not perform genetic analyses. We aimed to evaluate all types of patients with FH<\/jats:styled-content> using the potentially more sensitive speckle tracking echocardiography (STE<\/jats:styled-content>) technique to identify early left ventricular (LV<\/jats:styled-content>) dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Genetic analyses of patients with FH<\/jats:styled-content> were conducted for LDL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010receptor, PCSK<\/jats:styled-content>9, and ApoB100. Nine homozygote, two compound heterozygote, and 82 heterozygote FH<\/jats:styled-content> patients and 85 healthy subjects were prospectively studied. Longitudinal and circumferential strain measurements and conventional echocardiography findings were obtained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>LV<\/jats:styled-content> ejection fractions were similar for all (homozygote, heterozygote, and control) groups. The LV<\/jats:styled-content> average longitudinal strain (aLS<\/jats:styled-content>) and average circumferential strain (aCS<\/jats:styled-content>) levels were significantly reduced in the homozygote and heterozygote groups when compared with the controls (for aLS<\/jats:styled-content>, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008 (<.001); for aCS<\/jats:styled-content>, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=<\u00a0.001). A significant inverse correlation was found between LDL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010C levels and LS<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.001, r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.728) and CS<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.001, r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.642) for all FH<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>This study demonstrates the potential of using systolic strain values obtained using 2D STE<\/jats:styled-content> for determining lipotoxicity in the myocardium owing to hypercholesterolemia. Our study found that cardiac functions of homozygote patients who had the highest cholesterol levels were disrupted at very early ages. Therefore, starting lipid reduction treatment and early reverse LV<\/jats:styled-content> remodelling therapy at early ages may be beneficial for high\u2010risk patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T17:41:35Z","timestamp":1528220495000},"page":"1289-1299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prediction of subtle left ventricular systolic dysfunction in homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: Genetic analyses and speckle tracking echocardiography study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3797-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erhan","family":"Saracoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Ersin Arslan Education and Training Hospital Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salih","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ertan","family":"Vuru\u015fkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Ersin Arslan Education and Training Hospital Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"D\u00fczen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Gaziantep 25 Aral\u0131k State Hospital Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"\u00c7ekici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z\u00fclfiye","family":"Kuzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Ersin Arslan Education and Training Hospital Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arafat","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Ersin Arslan Education and Training Hospital Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckosmano\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Ersin Arslan Education and Training Hospital Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"\u00c7etin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Ersin Arslan Education and Training Hospital Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"42","author":"Kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"42","author":"\u00d6zcan \u00d6U","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2011.03.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2003.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2011.01410.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-017-9428-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(02)00330-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90155-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M800147-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000154079.20681.B9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000109213.10461.F6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3863726"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01015-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jex140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00527.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e3181b76713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-012-0172-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000071"}],"container-title":["Echocardiography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fecho.14021","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/echo.14021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T22:21:37Z","timestamp":1694989297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/echo.14021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/echo.14021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/echo.14021","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-2822","1540-8175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-2822","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}