{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T23:30:05Z","timestamp":1776987005931,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>Smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and may cause myocardial damage independently of coronary artery disease. Fragmented QRS<\/jats:styled-content> (fQRS<\/jats:styled-content>) is an important marker of myocardial fibrosis, while speckle\u2010tracking echocardiography is a method used to show subclinical left ventricle dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Our study included 230 healthy individuals aged 18\u201340\u00a0years. The patients included were separated into two groups: those smokers (n\u00a0=\u00a0130) and non\u2010smokers (n\u00a0=\u00a0100). After that healthy smokers group were divided into two groups: those with fQRS<\/jats:styled-content> (n\u00a0=\u00a024) and those without (n\u00a0=\u00a0106). In both groups, the arithmetic mean of three images was used to obtain the left ventricle global longitudinal strain (LV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010GLS<\/jats:styled-content>). The E\/SR<\/jats:styled-content>e ratio was also calculated and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>There were significant differences between the smokers and non\u2010smokers in terms of, E\/SR<\/jats:styled-content>e (55.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.9 vs 50.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.8; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.015), LV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010GLS<\/jats:styled-content> (23.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.9 vs 24.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001), and fQRS<\/jats:styled-content> (18.5% vs 6%; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005). As a result of subgroup analysis, pack\u2010year history was higher in the fQRS<\/jats:styled-content> positive group (16.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7 vs 11.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). While a negative correlation was observed between pack\u2010year history and LV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010GLS<\/jats:styled-content> (r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0\u20130.678, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001), there was a positive correlation between pack\u2010year history and E\/SR<\/jats:styled-content>e (r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.730, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>In conclusion, our study demonstrated that fQRS<\/jats:styled-content> is a parameter that can be used to determine left ventricle subclinical systolic and diastolic dysfunction in smokers, and that left ventricle dysfunction is related to the duration and intensity of smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T12:32:49Z","timestamp":1545136369000},"page":"292-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association between fragmented QRS<\/scp> complexes and left ventricular dysfunction in healthy smokers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6523-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adil","family":"Bayramo\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Cardiology Ordu University Ordu Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Ta\u015folar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Cardiology Malatya University Malatya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Bekta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Cardiology Ordu University Ordu Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Cardiology Ordu University Ordu Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeki Y\u00fcksel","family":"G\u00fcnayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Cardiology Ordu University Ordu Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000214609.06738.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General, 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