{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:26:16Z","timestamp":1780403176994,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007405","name":"Hjerteforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD<\/jats:styled-content>) may cause angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD<\/jats:styled-content>) and increases the risk of future adverse cardiovascular events. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE<\/jats:styled-content>) with pharmacological stress can assess coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR<\/jats:styled-content>), a measure of coronary microvascular function. However, simpler methods would be preferable for diagnosing CMD<\/jats:styled-content>. Therefore, we examined the relationship between CFVR<\/jats:styled-content> and cardiac time intervals measured by TTDE<\/jats:styled-content> in a cohort of women with angina and no obstructive CAD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>In a prospective cohort study, we included 389 women with angina, left ventricular ejection fraction\u00a0>\u00a045%, and no obstructive CAD<\/jats:styled-content>. CMD<\/jats:styled-content> was defined as CFVR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0<\u00a02.0. The study population was divided into three groups according to cutoff values of CFVR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0<\u00a02, 2\u00a0\u2264\u00a0CFVR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u2264\u00a02.5, and CFVR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0>\u00a02.5. Isovolumic contraction time (IVCT<\/jats:styled-content>), ejection time (ET<\/jats:styled-content>), and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT<\/jats:styled-content>) were measured by tissue Doppler M\u2010mode, and the myocardial performance index (MPI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a0(IVCT<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0IVRT<\/jats:styled-content>)\/ET<\/jats:styled-content>) was calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Coronary microvascular dysfunction was associated with increasing age, hypertension, higher resting heart rate, and lower diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, CMD<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with higher E\/e\u2032 ratio (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and longer IVCT<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001), higher MPI<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and shorter ET<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002), but not with IVRT<\/jats:styled-content> or conventional measures of left ventricular geometry, mass, and function. In multivariable analysis, longer IVCT<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and higher MPI<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) remained associated with CMD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>In women with angina and no obstructive CAD<\/jats:styled-content>, CMD<\/jats:styled-content> is associated with longer IVCT<\/jats:styled-content> and higher MPI<\/jats:styled-content> indicating a link between CMD<\/jats:styled-content> and subtle alternations of systolic and combined measures of cardiac time intervals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T06:36:07Z","timestamp":1556001367000},"page":"1110-1117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Coronary microvascular dysfunction is associated with cardiac time intervals in women with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease: An iPOWER<\/scp> substudy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4227-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Pena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Herlev\u2010Gentofte University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3651-3348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie Mide","family":"Michelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naja Dam","family":"Mygind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen 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