{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:09:47Z","timestamp":1790748587933,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to assess the factors influencing the late diastolic vortex in normal and abnormal ventricles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Color Doppler data in left ventricle (LV) were acquired from apical long\u2010axis view and analyzed using vector flow mapping in 57 patients with coronary artery disease, 57 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and 53 healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In normals, corrected area and flux of the end\u2010diastolic vortex were positively correlated with transmitral <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> velocity and heart rate. Subjects with <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> &lt;1 had higher vortex flux than those with <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> &gt;1. Heart rate was the only independent predictor of corrected vortex area (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.170<jats:italic>, P\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.004), and transmitral <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> velocity and heart rate were the independent predictors of corrected vortex flux (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.490<jats:italic>, P\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001). Patients with various mitral filling patterns showed significant differences in vortex area and flux. The vortex area and flux were positively correlated with transmitral i velocity and <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\u2032. Transmitral <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> velocity was the only independent predictor of corrected vortex area (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.180<jats:italic>, P\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001), while transmitral <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> velocity, heart rate, LV end\u2010systolic short diameter, and end\u2010diastolic long diameter were the independent determinants of corrected vortex flux (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.593,<jats:italic> P\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The end\u2010diastolic vortex is formed and mainly affected by the late LV filling. The compensatory atrial contraction may enhance the end\u2010diastolic vortex that facilitates coupling between diastole and systole. LV size can influence the end\u2010diastolic vortex in patients with LV dysfunction and enlargement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T14:53:30Z","timestamp":1565276010000},"page":"1639-1645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Factors influencing the end\u2010diastolic vortex assessed by using vector flow mapping"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5270-6775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University PLA 967th Hospital Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Outpatient PLA 967th Hospital Dalian 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