{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T07:25:53Z","timestamp":1791962753473,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whereas dependency of left ventricular outflow tract diameter (LVOTD) from body surface area (BSA) has been established and a BSA\u2010based LVOTD formula has been derived, the relationship between LVOTD and aortic root and LV dimensions has never been explored. This may have implications for evaluation of LV output in heart failure (HF) and aortic stenosis (AS) severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort of 540 HF patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography was divided in a derivation and validation subgroup. In the derivation subgroup (N\u00a0=\u00a0340), independent determinants of LVOTD were analyzed to derive a regression equation, which was used for predicting LVOTD in the validation subgroup (N\u00a0=\u00a0200) and compared with the BSA\u2010derived formula.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LVOTD determinants in the derivation subgroup were sinuses of Valsalva diameter (SVD, beta\u00a0=\u00a00.392, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), BSA (beta\u00a0=\u00a00.229, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), LV end\u2010diastolic diameter (LVEDD, beta\u00a0=\u00a00.145, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001), and height (beta\u00a0=\u00a00.125, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.037). The regression equation for predicting LVOTD with the aforementioned variables (LVOTD\u00a0=\u00a06.209\u00a0+\u00a0[0.201\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0SVD]\u00a0+\u00a0[1.802\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0BSA]\u00a0+\u00a0[0.03\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0LVEDD]\u00a0+\u00a0[0.025\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0Height]) did not differ from (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.937) and was highly correlated with measured LVOTD (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.739, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) in the validation group. Repeated analysis with LV end\u2010diastolic volume instead of LVEDD and\/or accounting for gender showed similar results, whereas BSA\u2010derived LVOTD values were different from measured LVOTD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aortic root and LV dimensions affect LVOTD independently from anthropometric data and are included in a new comprehensive equation for predicting LVOTD. This should improve evaluation of LV output in HF and severity of AS when direct LVOTD measurement is difficult or impossible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T12:36:17Z","timestamp":1622032577000},"page":"1104-1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Indirect ultrasound evaluation of left ventricular outflow tract diameter implications for heart failure and aortic stenosis severity assessment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3475-8410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Pestelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit Morgagni\u2010Pierantoni Hospital  Forl\u00ec Italy"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Unit Fondazione Sacco  Forl\u00ec Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fiorencis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit University Hospital of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3317-7342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Pergola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit University Hospital of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Andrea","family":"Luisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit Infermi Hospital  Faenza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Smarrazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit Umberto I Hospital  Lugo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit University Hospital of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2823-4090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit University Hospital of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.05.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2019.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009939","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.009939","article-title":"Novel echocardiographic approach to hemodynamic phenotypes predicts outcome of patients hospitalized with heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Mele D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.70.3.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90590-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.73.3.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(90)90093-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80169-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01417-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-020-01946-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90430-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710223171717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(85)90602-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(87)80275-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Noninvasive measurement of cardiac output by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. 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