{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:47:59Z","timestamp":1791377279496,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the widespread use of superior vena cava (SVC) flow as a marker of systemic blood flow from the upper body, no previous studies have systematically evaluated the correlation between SVC flow and other echocardiography measures of systemic blood flow in the context of different patterns of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) shunt direction<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study of preterm infants (&lt;\u00a030\u00a0weeks,\u00a0&lt;\u00a021 days of life) who underwent comprehensive targeted neonatal echocardiography (TnECHO) was performed. Patients were categorized as follows: (i) Hemodynamically significant left\u2010to\u2010right shunt; (ii): Bidirectional shunt; (iii) No PDA or insignificant shunt. SVC flow, as measured by two distinct methods, was compared to left and right ventricular outputs (LVO and RVO). Intra\u2010 and inter\u2010observer reliability testing was performed<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 45 patients were included (15 in each group) with a median [IQR] weight of 720 [539, 917] grams at the time of assessment. SVC dimensions and flow measurements were not different between the groups, although patients with left\u2010to\u2010right shunt had higher LVO\/RVO ratio. SVC flow, as estimated using the modified method, had a strong correlation with LVO (r\u00a0=\u00a0.63, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012) and RVO (r\u00a0=\u00a0.635, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.011) in patients with no PDA. Inter\u2010 and intra\u2010observer reliability were both stronger for LVO and RVO when compared to SVC flow measurements<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>SVC flow was comparable across all three groups irrespective of higher LVO and LVO\/RVO ratio in patients with left\u2010to\u2010right shunts. This may reflect poor measurement reliability or compensation for left\u2010to\u2010right ductal shunt by increased LVO to maintain systemic perfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T12:08:37Z","timestamp":1627301317000},"page":"1524-1533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Assessment of superior vena cava flow and cardiac output in different patterns of patent ductus arteriosus shunt"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9218-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrianne Rahde","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa, Iowa City  Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regan E.","family":"Giesinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa, Iowa City  Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy H.","family":"Stanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa, Iowa City  Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3733-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi","family":"Ashwath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa, Iowa City  Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa, Iowa City  Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of 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