{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:00:06Z","timestamp":1790402406260,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is increasingly observed in elderly population. The purpose of this study was to investigate incidence of MAC and its association with mitral valvular disease (MVD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 13,483 consecutive patients who underwent echocardiography were enrolled. MAC was defined as an echo\u2010dense, shelf\u2010like structure with an irregular, lumpy appearance involving the mitral valve annulus, with acoustic shadowing. Prevalence of MAC and its association with significant mitral stenosis (MS) or mitral regurgitation (MR) were studied. Significant (\u2265moderate) MS was defined as mean transmitral valvular pressure gradient\u00a0&gt;\u00a05\u00a0mm Hg and significant MR was defined as \u2265moderate MR based on quantitative or semi\u2010quantitative Doppler methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MAC was present in 1881 of 13,483 patients (14%). Patients with MAC (MAC group) was older and more female gender than those without MAC (non\u2010MAC group). Significant MS was present in 2.2% of MAC and in .6% of the non\u2010MAC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Significant MR was present in 11.9% of MAC and in 5.0% of the non\u2010MAC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Co\u2010existence of MAC and aortic valve replacement (AVR) was associated with increased prevalence of MVD (MS:11.4%, MR:17.2%, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MAC was present in 14% of the patients and was associated with significant MVD. Co\u2010existence of MAC and AVR may increase the risk of MVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T05:49:35Z","timestamp":1635659375000},"page":"1907-1912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Prevalence of mitral annular calcification and its association with mitral valvular disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2816-8924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Okura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University  Kashihara Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuki","family":"Nakada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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