{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T13:50:17Z","timestamp":1767016217594,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant K08NS117897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant K08NS117897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Development of postoperative obstruction in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although preoperative echocardiography has often been cited as prognostic of postoperative outcome, its predictive value has not been fully evaluated. Pulmonary venous variability index (PVVI) is an echocardiographic metric developed at our center and previously shown to correlate with preoperative clinical markers and catheterization findings of obstruction. We hypothesized that preoperative PVVI would be superior to maximum and mean velocity for prediction of postsurgical outcome in TAPVC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective review of TAPVC patients repaired at our center. Preoperative echocardiograms were reviewed for clinical read, and measures of pulmonary venous obstruction including maximum, mean, and minimum velocity and PVVI ([maximum velocity\u2212minimum velocity]\/mean velocity) were calculated from spectral Doppler of the pulmonary venous pathway. The outcome was time to surgical or catheter\u2010based pulmonary vein reintervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 162 patients were included and 33 (20%) underwent reintervention. On univariate Cox proportional hazards model, single ventricle status, mixed\u2010type TAPVC, and PVVI\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.5 were predictive of reintervention (hazard ratios of 2.7, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.01; 3.2, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.01; and 2.2, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.03, respectively). Absolute echocardiographic velocities were not associated with the outcome. On multivariate analysis, single ventricle status and mixed\u2010type TAPVC remained significant predictors of reintervention, while PVVI did not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Though preoperative PVVI was associated with an increased risk of postoperative reintervention in TAPVC by univariate analysis, multivariate analysis suggests that single ventricle status and TAPVC subtype are the strongest drivers of postoperative outcomes. Preoperative velocities are not predictive of outcome in TAPVC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.70124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T04:49:58Z","timestamp":1741754998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predicting the Need for Pulmonary Venous Reintervention in Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: The Role of Preoperative Echocardiographic Metrics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6366-1788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen M.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Faerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Analytics Unit Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meryl S.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian R.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.940825"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivy267"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"254","article-title":"Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Surgical Outcomes and Risk Factors for Postoperative Pulmonary Vein Obstruction","volume":"39","author":"Hu S. 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