{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:57:38Z","timestamp":1785455858242,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ground\u2010level ozone (O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) are two of the most important air pollutants, with accumulating evidence linking them to incident cardiovascular disease. The tissue\u2010level mechanisms by which they affect myocardial function remain incompletely understood, however.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We applied speckle\u2010tracking echocardiography (STE) to explore the relationship between chronic residential gaseous air pollution exposure and cardiac mechanics in community\u2010dwelling older adults largely free of baseline heart disease. Average annual address\u2010specific concentrations of O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      were estimated from 1990 to 1994 using validated spatiotemporal models. The association between each pollutant and STE measures of left ventricular average longitudinal strain (LVLS), simplified global longitudinal strain (sLVGLS), early diastolic strain rate (LVEDSR), left atrial reservoir strain (LALS), and STE\u2010derived e\u2032 and E\/e\u2032 ratio (E\/STe\u2032) was explored using multivariable linear and logistic regressions. sLVGLS was additionally modeled as a binary outcome with a cutoff of \u221216%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One thousand five hundred and seventy\u2010six individuals were included in the analysis. We found that each part per billion increase in O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      exposure was associated with a 0.47 increase in E\/STe\u2032 ratio (95% CI: 0.06\u20130.88). O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      exposure was not significantly associated with LV or LA strain abnormalities, including LV GLS, EDSR, or LALS. NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      exposure was not significantly associated with any of the STE\u2010derived outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ozone exposure may be associated with subclinical markers of diastolic dysfunction, while NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      does not appear to be linked to echocardiographic strain abnormalities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.70330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T13:10:07Z","timestamp":1761657007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross\u2010Sectional Association of Ground\u2010Level Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide With Cardiac Mechanics Using Speckle\u2010Tracking Echocardiography in the Cardiovascular Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3009-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Y.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Yale Center On Climate Change and Health Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Stanford University  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5655-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjiv J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabel Xulin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi B.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene G.","family":"Margolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine University of California Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce M.","family":"Psaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Systems and Population Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius M.","family":"Gardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadeer","family":"Al\u2010Kindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Houston Methodist Hospital  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Center On Climate Change and Health Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"School of the Environment Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Center On Climate Change and Health Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Odden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Stanford University  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University  Stanford California 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