{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T16:43:17Z","timestamp":1786293797034,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Right\u2010ventricular\u2013pulmonary arterial (RV\u2013PA) coupling reflects the relationship between RV contractility and pulmonary vascular load and is a key determinant of cardiopulmonary performance. The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion\u2010to\u2010pulmonary artery systolic pressure ratio (TAPSE\/sPAP) provides a noninvasive estimate of RV\u2013PA coupling. However, sex\u2010related differences in its relationship with pulmonary pressure remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate sex\u2010related differences in pulmonary pressure, diastolic load, RV systolic function, and RV\u2013PA coupling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a retrospective analysis of echocardiographic data from 243 adults. Pulmonary pressure was assessed using systolic (sPAP), mean (mPAP), and diastolic (dPAP) measurements. RV function was evaluated using TAPSE and RV S\u2032 velocity, and diastolic load using the E\/e\u2032 ratio and estimated PCWP. RV\u2013PA coupling was estimated using TAPSE\/sPAP and RV S\u2032\/sPAP ratios. Categorical variables (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 193) were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, and continuous variables using correlation and regression analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Females exhibited a higher prevalence of abnormal sPAP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.038) and E\/e\u2032 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), whereas males had a higher prevalence of abnormal mPAP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and PCWP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0016). Abnormal RV S\u2032 was more frequent in females (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0178). TAPSE and RV S\u2032 were inversely correlated with pulmonary pressure (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2248 \u22120.45 to \u22120.55,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated a significant sex \u00d7 pulmonary pressure interaction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex\u2010related differences were observed in pulmonary pressure indices and RV systolic parameters; however, no significant difference was found in the primary RV\u2013PA coupling index. These findings are associative and hypothesis\u2010generating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.70485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T11:22:04Z","timestamp":1777116124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sex Differences in Echocardiographic Measures of Right Ventricular Function and RV\u2013PA Coupling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jamilah S.","family":"AlRahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology King Abdulaziz Medical City Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Technology (Echocardiography) College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amjad","family":"SaemAldahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Technology (Echocardiography) College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alhanouf","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Technology (Echocardiography) College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawal","family":"Kutob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Technology (Echocardiography) College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jameel","family":"Hakeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Therapy College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Therapy, King Abdulaziz Medical City Ministry of\u00a0National Guard Health Affairs  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal A.","family":"Turkestani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Therapy College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Therapy, King Abdulaziz Medical City Ministry of\u00a0National Guard Health Affairs  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872\u2010026\u201005567\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872\u2010022\u201002857\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcchd.2025.100565"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666251350493"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.118.005512"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2021.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyae121"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.09.040"}],"container-title":["Echocardiography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/echo.70485","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/echo.70485","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/echo.70485","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T16:26:13Z","timestamp":1786292773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/echo.70485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/echo.70485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/echo.70485","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-2822","1540-8175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-2822","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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