{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T20:43:03Z","timestamp":1759178583174},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,14]],"date-time":"2012-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of overt diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (prior<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content>) has been linked to several risk factors including age, obesity and insulin therapy during pregnancy; the role of recurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> as a further risk factor remains unclear. As studies examining detailed metabolic consequences of recurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> are missing and the role of recurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> on cardiovascular risk is unknown, our aim was to investigate the impact of recurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> (within 5\u00a0years after an index pregnancy) on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests as well as assessment of cardiovascular risk factors were performed at baseline (6\u00a0months after index pregnancy) and 5\u00a0years thereafter in 21 prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> with recurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> (rec<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content>), 41 prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> with no additional pregnancy (nonrec<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content>) and 10 healthy controls [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CON<\/jats:styled-content>].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite weight gain in rec<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> (2\u00b73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05\u00b71 vs. \u22121\u00b73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00b77\u00a0kg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b704), glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and secretion did not differ compared with nonrec<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> at baseline and follow\u2010up. Furthermore, rec<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> did not exhibit increased cardiovascular risk factors. Metabolic deterioration in (19% of) the total prior<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> group was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGIS<\/jats:styled-content>:367\u00b74\u00a0\u00b1\u00a089\u00b76 vs. 436\u00b74\u00a0\u00b1\u00a075\u00b75\u00a0mL\/min*m\u00b2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b701), hyperinsulinaemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIS<\/jats:styled-content>:37\u00b79\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09\u00b77 vs. 28\u00b70\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010\u00b72\u00a0nM, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7006) and postchallenge hyperglycaemia at 5\u00a0years postpartum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recurrence of gestational diabetes was not associated with deterioration of glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and secretion nor with increased cardiovascular risk. Consequently, prior<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> should not be recommended to refrain from subsequent pregnancies, but be encouraged to regain and maintain normal body weight after delivery and regularly undergo <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGTT<\/jats:styled-content>s to early detect metabolic deterioration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,24]],"date-time":"2012-11-24T11:16:39Z","timestamp":1353755799000},"page":"190-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The impact of recurrent gestational diabetes on maternal metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Winhofer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Tura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Unit Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Research Council Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Prikoszovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III Division of Nephrology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Winzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III Division of Nephrology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeMSIIS Section of Medical Statistics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pacini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Unit Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Research Council Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Luger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kautzky\u2010Willer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.20.2516"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"B161","article-title":"Summary and recommendations of the Fourth International Workshop\u2010Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. 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