{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:06:49Z","timestamp":1700698009855},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilisation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content>) has been widely used during the last decades. Recent studies demonstrated some alterations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> children's metabolic profile compared with controls. The recently reported lipocalins retinol\u2010binding protein 4 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104) and neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>), as well as visfatin, which are associated with glucose intolerance and could help in the early detection of metabolic abnormalities, have not been studied in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> children as yet. We studied the lipocalins <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> as well as visfatin in children born after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 100 children born after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> (47 boys) and 60 controls born after normal conception (30 boys), aged 4\u201314\u00a0year, were studied cross\u2010sectionally. All children had a physical examination, their fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>, and visfatin were determined and their homoeostasis model assessment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOMA<\/jats:styled-content>) index was calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children born after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> had significantly higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b7009) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b7028) levels than controls. When divided by gender, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 remained higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> girls (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b7002), whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> was higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> boys (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b7021). Linear regression analysis had revealed that the differences are attributed to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> procedure <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our study, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> children had significantly higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> levels than controls, suggesting early metabolic derangements that could be attributed to an epigenetic phenomenon. These results are in accordance with our earlier findings of higher blood pressure and triglycerides in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> children than controls. Further prospective studies in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> children will determine the natural course of their metabolic profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,20]],"date-time":"2013-02-20T20:52:39Z","timestamp":1361393559000},"page":"439-448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Gender dimorphic increase in <scp>RBP<\/scp>\u20104 and <scp>NGAL<\/scp> in children born after <scp>IVF<\/scp>: an epigenetic phenomenon?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Sophia D.","family":"Sakka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes First Department of Pediatrics Athens University Medical School \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children's Hospital Athens 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