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The complications of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> include dysregulation of metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. With the growing population of diabetes and obesity globally, it is becoming apparent that identifying and screening patients who are at risk is becoming increasingly crucial. Many patients may remain unaware of the potential diagnosis and continue to be undiagnosed. The high prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> poses a demanding challenge to healthcare providers in order to provide sufficient resources and facilities for patient diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this article, we review the evidence in favour of screening populations deemed to be at increased risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>, with particular reference to patients with obesity and diabetes. We consider the recent advances in potential screening methods that may allow new prognostic and predictive tools to be developed. A detailed search of Medline and Web of Science electronic databases for relevant articles in English was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Apart from the use of screening tools such as questionnaires and clinical decision models, there is increasing evidence to suggest that there are differences in biological parameters in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>. Although further studies are required, there may be potential for such biomarkers to contribute to and augment the screening process. However, the significance of such biological tools remains to be elucidated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A fundamental role for improved screening in patients with conditions such as obesity and diabetes can enable early interventions that may improve health outcomes relating to the adverse consequences of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>. The future will see further research being carried out in the development of potential screening methods with emphasis on the selection of patients at risk of sleep disorders, thereby allowing more detailed physiological studies to be carried out where needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]],"date-time":"2013-03-27T11:23:01Z","timestamp":1364383381000},"page":"640-655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Screening for obstructive sleep apnoea in obesity and diabetes \u2013 potential for future approaches"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Ian W.","family":"Seetho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obesity &amp; Endocrinology, University of Liverpool Clinical Sciences Centre University Hospital Aintree  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John 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