{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T22:35:38Z","timestamp":1777329338607,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]],"date-time":"2014-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The determination of rivaroxaban and apixaban from serum samples of patients may be beneficial in specific clinical situations when additional blood sampling for plasma and thus the determination of factor Xa activity is not feasible or results are not plausible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of rivaroxaban and apixaban in serum with those measured in plasma. Secondary aims were the performance of three different chromogenic methods and concentrations in patients on treatment with rivaroxaban 10\u00a0mg od (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0124) or 20\u00a0mg od (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a094) or apixaban 5\u00a0mg bid (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a052) measured at different time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concentrations of rivaroxaban and apixaban in serum were about 20\u201325% higher compared with plasma samples with a high correlation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b779775\u20130\u00b794662) using all assays (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b70001). The intraclass correlation coefficients were about 0\u00b790 for rivaroxaban and 0\u00b755 for apixaban. Mean rivaroxaban concentrations were higher at 2 and 3\u00a0h compared with 1 and 12\u00a0h after administration measured from plasma and serum samples (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values &lt; 0\u00b705) and were not different between 1 vs. 12\u00a0h (plasma and serum).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that rivaroxaban and apixaban concentrations can be determined specifically from serum samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T22:59:33Z","timestamp":1402959573000},"page":"743-752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Measurement of rivaroxaban and apixaban in serum samples of patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Job","family":"Harenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical Faculty Mannheim Ruprecht\u2010Karls University Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical Faculty Mannheim Ruprecht\u2010Karls University Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical Faculty Mannheim Ruprecht\u2010Karls University Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Zolfaghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical Faculty Mannheim Ruprecht\u2010Karls University Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Medical Faculty Mannheim Ruprecht\u2010Karls University Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Institute Ruprecht\u2010Karls\u2010University Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biometry and Statistics Medical Faculty Mannheim Ruprecht\u2010Karls University Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical Faculty Mannheim Ruprecht\u2010Karls University Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory Y. 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