{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T05:53:39Z","timestamp":1769147619269,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,30]],"date-time":"2014-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The concept of axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) includes patients with non\u2010radiographic axSpA and ankylosing spondylitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>). Inflammatory and chronic\/structural changes of the sacroiliac joints and the spine are pathognomonic in patients who are diagnosed with axSpA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the last years, the evaluation of the natural course of axSpA has been in the focus of research, especially with respect to the relationship between inflammation or postinflammatory changes [detected by magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>)] and bone formation (detected by conventional radiographs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the analysis of spinal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> data, development of new syndesmophytes is directly associated with the parallel occurrence of inflammatory and postinflammatory (fatty) changes in the edges of the vertebral bodies. In contrast, vertebral edges that show only inflammation but no transformation into fatty lesions show a decreased relative risk for development of new bone formation over time. An inhibitory effect on radiographic progression had not been demonstrated during the first 2\u00a0years of continuous anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>a treatment, however, very recently first studies reported a decreased rate of radiographic progression when patients were continuously treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>a\u2010blockers for a time period of \u22654\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data are crucial in the understanding of the long\u2010term clinical course of patients with axSpAin daily practice. According to these results, it becomes obvious that anti\u2010inflammatory treatment, especially by using tumor\u2010necrosis\u2010factor alpha (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>a)\u2010blockers, has the best effect on the radiographic outcomes when it is started in anearly disease stage, where only inflammation is driving the disease activity and where structural, postinflammatory changes have not yet occurred.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]],"date-time":"2014-11-06T07:13:47Z","timestamp":1415258027000},"page":"81-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The contribution of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of axial spondyloarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Xenofon","family":"Baraliakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Herne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60635-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199801)41:1<58::AID-ART8>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.066415"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70038-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Radiological scoring methods in ankylosing spondylitis. 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