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Here, we investigated the prognostic relevance of biomarkers related to atherosclerotic plaque calcification, such as osteopontin (OPN<\/jats:styled-content>), osteoprotegerin (OPG<\/jats:styled-content>) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa\u2010B ligand (RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>) in a cohort of patients with AIS<\/jats:styled-content> (n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a090) during 90\u2010day follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>Radiological and clinical examinations as well as blood sampling were performed at admission and at days 1, 7 and 90 from the event. Validated scores [such as modified Rankin scale (mRS<\/jats:styled-content>) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS<\/jats:styled-content>)] were used to assess poststroke outcome. Serum levels of OPN<\/jats:styled-content>, OPG<\/jats:styled-content> and RANKL<\/jats:styled-content> were measured by colorimetric enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>When compared to the admission, OPN<\/jats:styled-content> serum levels increased at day 7. Serum OPN<\/jats:styled-content> levels at this time point were positively correlated with both ischaemic lesion volume and NIHSS<\/jats:styled-content> at days 7 and 90. A cut\u2010off of 30\u00b753\u00a0ng\/mL was identified for serum OPN<\/jats:styled-content> by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Adjusted logistic regression showed that serum OPN<\/jats:styled-content> levels at day 7 predicted worse mRS<\/jats:styled-content> at day 90 [OR<\/jats:styled-content> 4\u00b713 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u00b764\u201310\u00b736); P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7002] and NIHSS<\/jats:styled-content> [1\u00b749 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u00b716\u20131\u00b799); P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7007], independently of age, gender, hypertension and thrombolysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Serum levels of OPN<\/jats:styled-content>, but not OPG<\/jats:styled-content> and RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>, peaked at day 7 after AIS<\/jats:styled-content> and predicted worse neurological scores. Therefore, OPN<\/jats:styled-content> might have a pathophysiological and clinical relevance after AIS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,3]],"date-time":"2015-04-03T19:05:40Z","timestamp":1428087940000},"page":"579-586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Serum osteopontin levels are upregulated and predict disability after an ischaemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Carbone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinic of Internal Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa School of Medicine IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino\u2013IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology Department of Medical Specialties Foundation for Medical Researches University of Geneva Geneva 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