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Contaminated medical devices and hospital environment are the major sources of these outbreaks. Care must be taken to differentiate a real infection from colonization or contamination. Defining and identifying cases, describing epidemiologic feature of cases, finding and controlling the source of the outbreak, treating patients, and managing asymptomatic exposed patients are main steps for outbreak elimination. These fungal outbreaks are not only difficult to detect but also hard to treat. Early initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy is strongly associated with improved outcomes in infected patients. Choice of antifungal drugs should be made based on spectrum, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics and adverse effects of available drugs. Combination antifungal therapy and surgical intervention may be also helpful in selected cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multidisciplinary approach and close collaboration between all key partners are necessary for successful control of fungal outbreaks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,20]],"date-time":"2015-05-20T08:27:40Z","timestamp":1432110460000},"page":"767-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Healthcare\u2010associated outbreaks due to Mucorales and other uncommon fungi"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Setareh","family":"Davoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda S.","family":"Graviss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios P.","family":"Kontoyiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651263"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.01978.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.1999.010404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/497138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00056-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02972.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02982.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1661-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00205-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1212972"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Health\u2010care associated outbreak of Rhizopus infections associated with Elastoplast wound dressings","volume":"27","author":"Keys TF","year":"1978","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197811162992007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290360048026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1979.04010080054027","article-title":"Cutaneous phycomycosis. 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