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After birth, the prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFO<\/jats:styled-content> decreases from about 35% at young to approximately 20% at old age. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFO<\/jats:styled-content> has been associated with numerous conditions such as decompression illness in divers, migraine, high\u2010altitude pulmonary oedema, cerebrovascular and coronary ischaemia, and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFO<\/jats:styled-content> is the cause of intermittent atrial right\u2010to\u2010left shunt, and it can be the source of cardiac paradoxical embolism. So far, randomized controlled trials have not documented a reduced rate of cerebrovascular recurrent events in patients receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFO<\/jats:styled-content> device closure as compared to those on medical treatment. The purpose of this article was to critically evaluate evidence on the pathophysiologic, clinical as well as prognostic relevance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFO<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T14:38:45Z","timestamp":1432737525000},"page":"875-882","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Patent foramen ovale (<scp>PFO<\/scp>): is there life before death in the presence of <scp>PFO<\/scp>?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Seiler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospital Bern 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