{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T16:46:01Z","timestamp":1773420361343,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac resynchronization therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content>) is an established therapy for advanced congestive heart failure, improving both survival and hospitalization. The mechanism beneath these improvements still needs to be defined as about one\u2010third of the patients do not benefit from resynchronization. Restoration of sympatho\u2010vagal function can play a significant role in the process, but available data are limited. In this scenario, positron emission tomography scans with <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C\u2010hydroxyephedrine, a noradrenaline analogous, has the potential to characterize the modifications of the sympathetic nervous system induced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content> in decompensated patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten patients (six males, age 68\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010\u00a0years) with primary dilated cardiomyopathy were studied before and after resynchronization (acutely and after 3\u00a0months), from a clinical and echocardiographic point of view. Their cardiac sympathetic nerve activity was evaluated by <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C\u2010hydroxyephedrine positron emission tomography before resynchronization, at short and medium term after resynchronization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Responders to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content> (patients showing \u2265\u00a015% decrease in left ventricular end\u2010systolic volume) showed a higher level of left ventricular radiotracer uptake both at baseline and after resynchronization with respect to nonresponders. This was coupled with a progressive improvement in homogeneity in left ventricular tracer uptake mainly in responders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in responders since its activation, while nonresponders do not show any significant change at any time of evaluation. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content> seems to be more effective in those patients with a still structurally preserved, yet functionally impaired, neuroautonomic system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]],"date-time":"2015-06-02T14:53:07Z","timestamp":1433256787000},"page":"792-799","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cardiac resynchronization therapy and cardiac sympathetic function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Cristian","family":"Martignani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology University Hospital S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Bologna University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Diemberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology University Hospital S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Bologna University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Nanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Bologna University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Biffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology University Hospital S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Bologna University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Ziacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology University Hospital S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Bologna University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Boschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Bologna University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Corzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology University Hospital S. 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