{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T09:30:21Z","timestamp":1766136621104,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bioiatriki SA, Greece"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies support that osteocalcin (OC), apart from its skeletal role, is implicated in glucose homoeostasis. Aims of this study were to examine the first\u2010trimester maternal serum concentrations of OC in pregnancies that developed gestational diabetes mellitus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content>) and to create a first\u2010trimester prediction model for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2013control study in a prospective cohort of pregnant women. Maternal serum levels of OC were measured in 40 cases that developed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> and 94 unaffected controls. First\u2010trimester biophysical parameters, biochemical indices, maternal\u2013pregnancy characteristics, and OC concentrations were assessed in relation to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> occurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> group, first\u2010trimester OC serum levels were increased compared to the control group (mean\u00a0=\u00a08\u00b781\u00a0ng\/mL, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02\u00b759 vs. mean\u00a0=\u00a07\u00b734\u00a0ng\/ml, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a03\u00b704, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b70058). Osteocalcin was independent of first\u2010trimester biophysical and biochemical indices. Osteocalcin alone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01\u00b721, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1\u00b702\u20131\u00b743, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7023) was a significant predictor of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> [Model <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b704, area under the curve (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b761, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0\u00b755\u20130\u00b772, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001]. The combination of maternal and pregnancy characteristics with OC resulted in an improved prediction model for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> (Model <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b721, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b780, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0\u00b771\u20130\u00b788, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001). The combined model yields a sensitivity of 72\u00b72% for 25% false\u2010positive rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>First\u2010trimester maternal serum levels of OC are increased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> pregnancies. Osteocalcin combined with maternal and pregnancy characteristics provides an effective screening for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> at 11\u201314\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]],"date-time":"2015-07-17T10:03:28Z","timestamp":1437127408000},"page":"1025-1031","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Maternal serum osteocalcin at 11\u201314\u00a0weeks of gestation in gestational diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Papastefanou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Embryocare Athens Greece"},{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Emvryomitriki Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makarios","family":"Eleftheriades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Embryocare Athens Greece"},{"name":"1st Department 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