{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:50:40Z","timestamp":1760147440734,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content>) is an X\u2010linked muscle disorder characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of muscular function. As muscular disease progresses, the repair mechanisms cannot compensate for cellular damage, leading inevitably to necrosis and progressive replacement by fibrous and fatty tissue. Cardiomyopathy and respiratory failure are the main causes of death in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content>. In addition to the well\u2010described muscle and heart disease, cognitive dysfunction affects around 30% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> boys. Myocardial fibrosis, assessed by late gadolinium enhancement (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LGE<\/jats:styled-content>), using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMR<\/jats:styled-content>), is an early marker of heart involvement in both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients and female carriers. In parallel, brain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> identifies smaller total brain volume, smaller grey matter volume, lower white matter fractional anisotropy and higher white matter radial diffusivity in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. The in vivo brain evaluation of mdx mice, a surrogate animal model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content>, showed an increased inorganic phosphate (P(i))\/phosphocreatine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>r) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach using techniques of magnetic resonance imaging, spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging as a tool to create a \u201cheart and brain imaging map\u201d in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients that could potentially facilitate the patients\u2019 risk stratification and also future research studies in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T15:08:41Z","timestamp":1507216121000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Brain and heart magnetic resonance imaging\/spectroscopy in duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1089-7766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Mavrogeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center Athens 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