{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:30:41Z","timestamp":1753878641050,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH\u20102013\u2010A\u2010012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH\u20102013\u2010A\u2010012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC\u2010101\u20102314\u2010B\u2010040\u2010017\u2010MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC\u2010101\u20102314\u2010B\u2010040\u2010017\u2010MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHADS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHA<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>c scores are clinical risk stratification instruments that are used clinically to assess the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the prestroke <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHADS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHA<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>c scores could be useful for predicting infarction severity and long\u2010term outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study included all 1494 patients who had acute ischaemic stroke without haemorrhagic transformation which was evidenced with magnetic resonance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>) imaging during hospitalization. Total infarction volume and arterial stenosis score were calculated based on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content> imaging. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIHSS<\/jats:styled-content>s) were obtained at admission and discharge by board\u2010certified neurologists. The clinical outcomes were defined as composite endpoints of restroke and mortality and were recorded with the mean follow\u2010up period of 37.5\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 195 (13.1%) patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>. The patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> had significantly higher median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHADS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHA<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>c scores than the patients without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Patients with higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHADS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHA<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>c scores had significantly higher total infarction volume, arterial stenosis score and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIHSS<\/jats:styled-content> scores at discharge and poorer clinical outcomes. After adjusting for age, gender and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>, only <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHA<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>c scores could predict both restroke and composite endpoints.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prestroke <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHA<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>c scores appear to have better clinical value for predicting the severity of infarction and long\u2010term clinical outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke patients with and without <jats:styled-content 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