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We had found fatigue symptom concurrent with dysbiosis by decreasing the ratio of <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> to <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic> (F\/B ratio) in active tuberculosis (TB). The study aims to assess the inflammatory biomarkers and their interaction with gut microbiome in active TB and latent TB infection before starting anti\u2010TB regimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interleukin\u20101 beta (IL\u20101B), IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3) releasing assay (IGRA) were measured in 25 active TB patients, 32 LTBI subjects and 23 healthy controls (HC). Gut microbiome profiles were obtained using 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The leucocytosis (7032\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0387 cell\/cum, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), increase in IL\u20106 (229.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0104\u00a0\u00b5g\/dL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), and decrease in IL\u20104 (0.27\u00a0\u00b5g\/dL\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) were presented in active TB. The proportion of polymorphic neutrophil (PMN) in peripheral blood was positively related to the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic> in LTBI and active TB (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.23, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The F\/B ratio was positively related to the detectable IL\u20101B in TB (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.97, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and to the IL\u20104 in LTBI (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.27, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). In LTBI, the relative abundances of <jats:italic>Coriobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> were positively related to the secretion of IFN\u2010gamma against MTB\u2010antigens more likely associated with of CD4+ T cell (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.42, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In active TB, dysbiosis with higher relative abundances of <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic> in stool and low F\/B ratio was related to systemic proinflammation. In LTBI, dose\u2010response relationship between peripheral PMN and relative abundances of <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes <\/jats:italic>was remained but not leads to systemic inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T06:32:45Z","timestamp":1547015565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Systemic proinflammation after <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> infection was correlated to the gut microbiome in HIV\u2010uninfected humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6685-8259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiang\u2010Fen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Clinical Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"},{"name":"Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2919-9853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying\u2010Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Clinical Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"},{"name":"Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Department of Medicine National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun\u2010Ta","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"},{"name":"Department of Chest Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Phone","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Clinical Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu\u2010Der","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Juin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"},{"name":"Department of Chest Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00602-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2009.02250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.453290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.04.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2003.27.001","article-title":"Interaction of bifidobacteria with the gut and their influence in the immune function","volume":"27","author":"Perdigon G","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"HuangSF YangYY ChouKT FungCP SuWJ.Dysbiosis in gut microbiota is related to the constitutional symptoms afterMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection in HIV\u2010uninfected humans. 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