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However, low temperature is associated with metabolic disorder and 5' AMP\u2010activated protein kinase (AMPK), which modulates ionic currents and cardiac metabolism. This study investigated whether AMPK regulation can modulate the occurrence of the J wave at low temperature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unipolar and bipolar leads were used to record monophasic action potential (the endocardium and epicardium) and pseudo\u2010electrocardiograms (inferior leads) to study the cardiac electrical activity. Measurements were taken in isolated Langendorff rabbit hearts at both 30\u2103 and 37\u2103 before and after administration of 4\u2010aminopyridine (an ultrarapid delayed rectifier potassium current inhibitor, I<jats:sub>Kur<\/jats:sub>, 50\u00a0\u00b5mol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), PF06409577 (an AMPK activator, 1\u00a0\u00b5mol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), compound C (an AMPK inhibitor, 10\u00a0\u00b5mol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and glibenclamide (an ATP\u2010sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel inhibitor, I<jats:sub>KATP<\/jats:sub>, 20\u00a0\u00b5mol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The amplitude of the J wave (2.46\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.34\u00a0mV vs. 1.11\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.23\u00a0mV, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01) at 30\u2103 (n\u00a0=\u00a015) was larger than that at 37\u2103 (n\u00a0=\u00a015). PF06409577 (1\u00a0\u00b5mol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) increased the J waves at both 30\u2103 and 37\u2103. In contrast, compound C (10\u00a0\u00b5mol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) reduced J wave at both 37\u2103 and 30\u2103. Low\u2010temperature\u2010induced J waves were individually suppressed by 4\u2010AP (50\u00a0\u00b5mol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and glibenclamide (20\u00a0\u00b5mol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>AMPK inhibition reduces low\u2010temperature\u2010induced J waves and possible ventricular arrhythmogenesis by modulating I<jats:sub>KATP<\/jats:sub> and I<jats:sub>Kur<\/jats:sub> channels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T07:49:21Z","timestamp":1587368961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The AMP\u2010activated protein kinase modulates hypothermia\u2010induced J wave"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5879-4136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng\u2010I","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen\u2010Yu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Cathay General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao\u2010Chang","family":"Chen,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Physiology National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng\u2010Zhi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grade Institute of Life Sciences National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen\u2010Hung","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung\u2010Kuo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Laboratory Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Makiminato Central Hospital Okinawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao\u2010Shun","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih\u2010Ann","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei 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